Unit 2 CivilRights Heroes

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Unit 2 CivilRights Heroes

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Title: Unit 2 CivilRights Heroes

1
Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes

Text A The Freedom Givers
Text B The Dream, the Stars and
Dr. King

2
Text A The Freedom Givers

Part I Pre-reading Task Abraham,
Martin and John
Enjoy a piece of music (originally sung by
Dion, the chief singer of the Belmonts)

3
Abraham, Martin and John

Has anybody here seen my old friend Abraham?
Can you tell me where he's gone?
He freed a lot of people,
But it seems the good die young,
But I just looked around and he's gone.
Has anybody here seen my old friend John?
Can you tell me where he's gone?
He freed a lot of people,
But it seems the good die young,
But I just looked around and he's gone.

Has anybody here seen my old friend Martin?
Can you tell me where he's gone?
He freed a lot of people,
But it seems the good die young,
But I just looked around and he's gone.
Didn't you love the things they stood for?
Didn't they try to find some good for you and me?
And we'll be free. Someday soon, it's gonna be
One day.
Has anybody here seen my old friend Bobby?
Can you tell me where he's gone?
I thought I saw him walkin' Up over the hill,
With Abraham, Martin and John.

5
Listen to the recording two or three times and
then think over the following questions

1. Can you guess who Abraham, Martin, John and
Bobby are?
2. What did these people stand for and their
special contributions?
3. Do you know why they all died young and who
killed them?
4. Can you guess what the texts in this unit are
going to be about?

6
1. They are Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther
King, President John F. Kennedy and Bobby
Kennedy, John Kennedys brother. 2.They
stood for the civil-rights leaders, who advocated
black civil-rights. 3.They were assassinated
young because they fought for the civil-rights,
which resulted in making many enemies. 4. The
texts in this unit are going to talk about the
civil-rights and its givers.
7
Part II Background Information1. Knowledge of
American geography

The Southern States (marked with blue and green)
Al Alabama, Ar Arkansas F Florida G
Georgia L Louisiana M Mississippi N North
Carolina S South Carolina Ten Tennessee Tex
Texas and V Virginia
The Deep South states are marked with green.

8
2. Freedom and rights

Freedom of the individual is considered one of
the essential features of western civilization,
which is itself sometimes called the Free World.
This freedom is often expressed in terms of
rights to do certain things or to be treated in a
particular way.
When a person does something that others think
strange, British and American people will often
say, Its a free country, meaning that although
thy disagree with the choice they recognize the
other persons right to make it.

9
3. The civil rights movement

(in the US) the national campaign by
African-Americans for equal rights, especially in
the 1950s and 1960s.
The campaign included boycotts (refusals to buy
particular products), the actions of freedom
riders, and in 1963 a march to Washington led by
Martin Luther King.
It succeeded in causing the introduction of
bussing and affirmative action.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting
Rights Act of 1965 were also introduced as a
result of the civil rights movement, which has
helped to change the attitudes of many white
Americans.

10
4. The Underground Railroad

A secret system used in the US before the Civil
War for helping thousands of slaves to escape to
the free northern states or Canada.
The slaves were called passengers, the people
who helped them were conductors, and the slaves
hid in stations (safe houses) along the way.

.
11
5. Josiah Henson

He was born a slave on 15th June, 1789 in Charles
County, Maryland. He was sold three times before
he reached the age of eighteen. By 1830, Henson
had saved up 350 to purchase his freedom. After
giving his master the money he was told that the
price had increased to 1,000.
Cheated of his money, Henson decided to escape
with his wife and four children. After reaching
Canada, Henson formed a community where he taught
other ex-slaves how to be successful farmers.
His autobiography, The Life of Josiah Henson
(1849) was read by Harriet Beecher Stowe and
inspired her best-selling novel, Uncle Tom's
Cabin.

12
6. Levi Coffin

He was born in Greensboro, on 28th October,
1798.
Later he became as a member of the Society of
Friends, Coffin attempted in 1821 to start a
school for slaves but their owners refused to
allow them to attend.
In 1826 Coffin moved to Newport, Indiana. This
was on the route where fugitive slaves made their
way from the South to Canada. Coffin soon became
involved in helping the runaways and it has been
estimated that over 3,000 slaves stayed at his
home during their journey.

Built in 1827 and now a National Historic
Landmark, this house was owned by Levi Coffin
(1789-1877), a Quaker abolitionist. Because of
his outstanding role in the operation of the
Underground Railroad, Coffin has been termed its
"president." It is believed that Coffin and his
wife Catherine helped more than 2,000 fugitive
slaves escape to freedom, using this house as a
principal depot.
http//www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/in2.ht
m

14
7. John Parker

John Parker was born into slavery in Norfolk,
Virginia in 1827. He bought his freedom for
1,800 and in 1849 he and his wife moved to
Ripley where he worked in the ironworks. Parker
was an integral part of the Underground Railroad
he helped fugitive slaves cross the Ohio River
from Kentucky as they went north to freedom. For
nearly fifteen years Parker risked his life and
his own freedom by hiding in coffins, diving off
a steamboat into the river with bounty hunters on
his trail as he fought for the freedom of the
enslaved.

The John Parker House in Ripley, Ohio
15
Part III Comprehension Questions

1.Why did Barbara Carter speak proudly of her
great-great-grandfather?
2. Why did the author travel to Hensons last
home?
3. What was the Underground Railroad? Who forged
it?
4. Why did the author want to tell the readers
the stories of the heroes of the Underground
Railroad?
5. How did John Parker win his freedom?
6. Why did some people try to capture John
Parker?
7.Why did Levi Coffin, a white man, help black
slaves to freedom?
8. What risks did Coffin run while helping
slaves?
9.What difficulties did the slaves have in
traveling the Underground Railroad to freedom?
10. Why did many slaves go to Canada?
11.Why did Henson decide to escape?

Keys
1.For her great-great-grandfather, Josiah Henson
has lived on through the character in American
fiction that he helped inspire Uncle Toms
Cabin. (L9-10)
2.To know more about the man. (L15-17)
3.(See to the culture note Josiah Henson and
other courageous men and women together forged
the Underground Railroad. (L20-21)
4.Because the heroes of the Underground Railroad
remain too little remembered and their exploits
are still kept unknown. (L29-31)
5. He saved enough money to buy his freedom.
(L40-41)
6.Because he was a guide who helped people not to
be captured by slave hunters. (L42-44)

7. Because he believed in Christianity that
they should help those who were hungry and had no
clothes to wear, no matter what color they were.
(L59-61)
8. He was the risk of getting his store and
home burned and even thrown to prison.
9. They had to march a journey of hundreds of
miles, during which there were no signs and few
maps. (L77-79)
10.Because slavery had been abolished there
early in 1833. (L87-88)
11.Because he faced the situation of being
separated from his family.

18
Part IV Language Points

1. Slender (of people) slim not very wide but
comparatively long or high
Examples Although her face was quite plain,
she had long, slender expressive hands, like a
concert pianist.
King crabs have long, slender legs, with a
span over 1 meter (3 feet).
Synonym lean, narrow, slight, thin fragile,
spindly, skinny
Anonym fat, obese, plump, paunchy, chubby,
stout
2. Settlement a place where people have come to
settle
Examples Manhattan was the site of the
original Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam.
The village is a settlement of fifty houses.
Syn Community, colony, camp, outpost

3.Confident feeling or showing thrust in oneself
or ones ability (usu. Followed by about/of/that
clause)
Examples Michael was confident that he would
be enrolled by Harvard University.
The more familiar you are with this machine,
the more confident you will be about using it.
The soccer team is quite confident of being
able to win this important game.
4. Give up abandon an attempt to do sth.
Examples Hes given up smoking since his
illness.
The rescue team had given up all hope of
finding the two divers alive.
She was working part-time but she suddenly
gave up.
Syn abandon, give up, quit, desert, discard

5.Ironically it seems ironic (that)
Examples Ironically the widespread use of
antibiotics seems to be causing a lot of
unexpected health problems.
Ironically it is often the poorer people who
give the most.
Ironically, most people came to watch the
match on the day it poured with rain.
6.Racial relating to a persons race, or to
different races of people
Examples Slavery is closely associated with
racial prejudice, the belief that one race is
superior to another.
Mandela was elected President in South
Africas first multi-racial elections, held in
1994.
c.f. ethnic of a nation, or tribal group
that has a common cultural group.
ethnic minorities/groups/communities
Example In China, there exists ethnic
problems rather than racial problems.

7. Stand up (for sb./sth.) speak, work, etc. in
favour of sb./sth. support sb./sth.
Examples You have to be prepared to stand up
for the things you believe in.
Dont be afraid to stand up for yourself.
Always stand for your friends.
8. Historic famous or important history
Examples In his book, Churchill recalls that
historic first meeting with Roosevelt.
More money is needed for the preservation of
historic buildings and monuments.
C.f. historical

9.Site place where a building, town, etc. was,
is or will be situated
Examples The local government hasnt yet
chosen the site for the new skyscraper.
There are many archaeological sites in
southern England.
This monument marks the site of the battle.
Rescue workers rushed to the site of the
plane crash.
10.Mission particular task or duty undertaken by
an individual or a group
Examples Some delegates were immediately sent
to Israel. Their mission was to negotiate a
ceasefire.
The five young people have been on a mission
to help the Cambodians.
My mission in life is to help poor people.

11.Forge (fig) create by means of much hard
work
Examples The two countries agreed to forge
closer economic ties.
She forged a new career for herself as a
singer.
Syn mould, cast, shape
12. Underground in or into secrecy or hiding
Examples His mother took him to Hong Kong
where she worked in the underground communist
movement.
For about thirty years the African National
Congress (ANC) operated as an underground
organization.
13. Web network of fine threads spun by a spider
or some other spinning creature complex series
or network
Examples The little boy was frightened by the
spiders web in the window.

Every day thousands of we surfers flock to
this popular site, posting messages.
Other usage WWW World Wide Web
14. Liberate set free
Examples The new Afghan government is trying
to liberate its people from poverty with
international help.
Many commercial and public organizations now
have their own Web site and publish a home
page, giving information about the organization.
The troops aim is to liberate the country by
the end of the year.
Other usage Liberty, Equality, and
Fraternity
15. Authorize give approval or permission for
(sth.) give authority to

Examples The central government authorized
200 billion to construct new dams to generate
cheap hydroelectric power.
The President requested that Congress
authorize the presence of US troops in the
eastern region.
He was obliged by the arguments of the
Minister of Labor to authorize a 23 per cent
general wage increase.
Syn legalize, allow, approve, entitle
16. Exploit brave or adventurous deed or action
Examples The generals wartime exploits were
later made into a film and a television series.
My grandfather entertained us with stories of
wartime exploits.
17. Be intent on doing sth. be eager and
determined to do sth.
Examples Working day and night, Janet seems
intent on breaking the record in the Guinness
Book of Records.

18. Peer look closely or carefully, esp. as if
unable to see well (followed by
at/through/into, etc.)
Examples Stephen had been peering at a
computer printout that made no sense at all.
Hawking was a typical grind, underweight and
awkward and peering through eyeglasses.
Syn stare, gaze, glance, gawp, gape
19. Decade period of ten year
Examples Many countries were involved in
Antarctic exploration during the first decades of
the 20th century.
Education budgets have been increased over
the last decade in China.
Other usage deca- ?mono- ? dual- ? tri- ?
quad- ? penta-? hexa-? hept-? oct-?

20. On the side as an additional job or source
of income secretly
Examples Some teachers have to find ways of
making some money on the side.
In order to earn money to send his children
to school, he makes a little money on the side by
cleaning windows in his spare time.
21. Capture capturing or being captured
Examples Rebel forces captured the city after
a week-long battle.
Some of the terrorists who were involved in
the 9.11 event
captured by the FBI.
The whole town celebrated when two tanks were
captured.

22. Close in (on/around) come near to, esp. in
order to attack from several directions
surround
Examples At one time Peter took part in the
capture of three thieves.
The International Whaling Commission permits
the capture of only 400 whales annually for
scientific purposes.
Vt. Examples Hitler committed suicide as
Soviet forces were closing in on Berlin.
Right after the suicide exploration, Israel
troops began to close in on the Palestinian city.
23. Painful causing pain, hurting
Examples Symptoms of pneumonia include
painful cough, fever, difficulty in breathing,
rapid breathing and chest pain.
The old photograph brought back painful
memories of his childhood.

24. Religious of religion
Examples Daoism (Taoism) is one of the three
main Chinese religious and philosophical
traditions, the others being Confucianism and
Buddhism.
The local government wants to increase the
amount of religious education in schools.
25. Conviction firm opinion or belief
Examples The old woman had a firm conviction
that there would be a better life after death.
A non-believer, Tom doesn't have any
religious convictions.
It is her personal conviction that all
corruption should be exposed and dealt with
according to relevant laws.

26. Terminal (building at the) end of a railway
line, bus route, etc. a piece of equipment, usu.
Consisting of a keyboard and a screen, which
connects the user with a computer system.
Examples Most large airports have shops,
restaurants, and banks in the terminal building,
plus special lounges for departing passengers.
All staff have terminals attached to the
companys main computer.
27. Impose 1) place a (penalty, tax, etc.)
officially on sb./sth.
Examples The government has made a decision
to impose a further tax on wines and spirits.
The local government tried to impose fines on
the factories, which poured untreated waste into
the river.

2) try to make sb. Accept (an opinion or a
belief)
Examples I wouldnt want to impose my
religious
conviction on anyone.
It may not be wise for parents to impose
their own tastes on their children.
28. As for with regard to
Examples As for your request for a free
sample, we will send it to you in anout ten days.
Some people have complained, but as for me
Im perfectly satisfied with the working
conditions here.
29. Transport take sth./sb. from one place to
another in a vehicle.
Examples Reducing the costs of transporting
natural resources to production sites is one of
the sky factors in economic competition.

Pipelines are used mainly to transport
liquids or gases over
long distances.
30. Disguise Give sb./sth. a false appearance
(used in the pattern disguise sb./sth. as)
Examples She disguised herself as a man so
she could fight on the battlefield.
Jack escaped across the border disguised as a
Catholic priest.
31. abolish end the existence of (a law, custom,
system, etc.)
Examples Slavery was not finally abolished in
the British Empire until 1833.
Their mission is to abolish the global fur
industry permanently by utilizing appropriate
legal and non-violent methods.

32. Make the best of accept an unsatisfactory
situation cheerfully and try to manage as well as
you can
Examples I know its cold and raining but
were here now, so lets just make the best of
it.
The living conditions in the village were
very poor, but we had to make the best of it.
33. Compel make (sb.) do sth. force
Examples In the past children were frequently
compelled to work from an early age.
A large debt burden compelled many developing
countries to undertake stabilization and
adjustment policies.
Duty compelled the soldiers to volunteer for
the mission.
An energy crisis compels fuel conservation

34. At risk threatened by the possibility of
loss, failure, etc. in danger
Examples It is reported that some areas in
the west are at high risk of desertification.
The buildings in the slum tend to be
overcrowded, inadequately served by water and at
risk from fire.
At the risk of sounding ungrateful, I must
refuse your offer.
35. Starve (cause a person or an animal to)
suffer severely or die from hunger
Example Some people starved to death during
the long drought.
Children in the developed counties are living
a happy life, while many African children are
starving.
(figu.)She's lonely, and starving for
companionship.

36. In the eyes of in the opinion of
Examples In the eyes of his students, Richard
is a sensible and reliable teacher.
In the eyes of my parent, I am still a young
person although I am already in my thirties.
The practice of religion in America sometimes
seems strange in the eyes of the European.
In the eyes of law, he was innocent, though
some people wouldn'tt think so.
37. Pass for appear like be accepted or looked
upon as (same as pass as)
Examples He speaks American English well
enough to pass for an American.
My younger sister really wants to go and see
the film, but I dont think shed pass for 18.

36
Part V Text Structure
37
After winning his own freedom from slavery, John
Parker helped other slaves to escape north to
Canada to get freedom. (Para 6-10)
Story one
Civil-Rights Givers
Story Two
Story Three
Supported by a strong religious conviction, the
white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves to
escape at huge risk.(Para 11-15)
By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah
Henson reached his destination and become free at
last. Para 16-23)
38
Part VI Translation

Translate the following passage into English,
using the words and phrases given below.
Settlement painful capture
underground racial
conviction disguise abolish
liberate close in on
????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????,???????
??????????????????????????,???????????,???????????
??????????,????????,??????????????????????????????
?,??????????,???????????????

Key
Hensons painful life as a slave
strengthened his determination to struggle for
freedom. Shortly after he achieved freedom he
became a member of an organization that assisted
fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the
United States several times to help others travel
the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some
slave catches closed in on the escaping slaves
and Henson when they were on the run. He
disguised them and successfully avoided capture.
In addition, he built a small settlement in
Dresden for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel
and a school where they could learn useful ways
of making a living. He held to the conviction
that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves
would be liberated, and the day was bound to come
when racial discrimination no longer existed.

40
Text B The Dream, The Stars Dr. King

Part one Language Practice
Fill in the gaps with words or phrases listed in
the Words and
Phrases to Learn box. Change the form where
necessary.
1.Despite his achievements as a _________ money
manager and
generous philanthropist (???), Soross
lifelong dream was to
become a noted philosopher.
2.A nurse needs a lot of patience and goodwill. A
bit of charm also
helps, and a lot of _______ and training is
needed.
3.The Maya civilization reached its period of
greatest development
about 250 A.D. and continued to ________ for
hundreds of years.
4.You could argue that her sense of insecurity
________growing
up in an unstable family environment.

5. Against the predictions of the opinion polls,
he comfortably won the general election of April
1992, but his government soon faced ________
economic problems.
6. _______ the birthday celebration comes
unexpectedly over the radio the announcement of
the President of the country declaring a state of
emergency for suspected enemy missiles
approaching.
7. It was a series of legislative(???) acts that
finally gave federal agencies power to _______
black rights and thus opened the way to an end to
discrimination.
8. His most famous work was painted to
commemorate his daughters miraculous from
paralysis(???).
9. Most central banks, such as the Federal
Reserve System in the USA, control the note issue
and _________ the banking system against
collapse.
10. The new president decided that police
corruption was the first thing to ________ when
he came to power.

11. Many people are not satisfied with the new
employment laws
which _______ against black people and
other minorities.
12. Work becomes harder _______. It seems that I
have to seek
help from my professors.
13. John is ________ his brother in that he is
much more
enthusiastic about his schoolwork.
14. Black people in the area are claiming that
they have been _______ repeated racial attacks
from police officers.
15. This policy, they say, is _______ confused
and at worst non
existent.
16. The official report _________ the likely
benefits of the scheme,
but avoids considering the costs.
17. Stephen has _______ since the days he could
only afford one
meal a day. He is now the owner of ten
discount chain stores.
18. The new president would _______ to remember
that he
wouldn't have made it without the support
of the black voters.

19. I really admire those businesswomen who
manage to achieve success __________.
20. The state of the countrys economy is very
worrying _________, it seems unwise to raise tax
on capital investment.
Keys
1.Remarkable 2. Commitment 3. Flourish
4. Resulted from 5. Grave 6. In the midst of
7. Enforce 8. Recovery 9. Guarantee
10. Remedy 11. Discriminate 12. With each
passing day
13. Unlike 14. Subjected to 15. At best
16. Plays up 17. Come a long way 18. Do well
19. Against all the odds 20. In this context.

44
Part Two comprehension check