Impact of Changes in Science, Technology, and Medicine

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Impact of Changes in Science, Technology, and
Medicine
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Dwight D. Eisenhower

• Commanding General of European forces during
  WWII.
• Became President of the United States in 1953.
• Is famous for his, "There must be no second class
  citizens in this country," quote.
• Was concerned with the impact science and
  technology could have on the health of the United
  States.
• Promoted the Polio vaccination during his
  presidency.

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Polio

• On April 12, 1955, Dr. Jonas E. Salk announced
  that a vaccine had been developed for Polio.
• Polio was an acute viral infectious disease
  spread from person-to-person.
• While roughly 90 of polio infections are
  asymptomatic, affected individuals can exhibit a
  range of more severe symptoms if the virus enters
  the blood stream.
• In less than 1 of polio cases the virus enters
  the central nervous system infecting and
  destroying motor neurons.
• The destruction of motor neurons causes muscle
  weakness and paralysis.

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Polio
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Polio

• Polio also caused severe respiratory problems in
  many of it's victims.
• These respiratory problems forced many to be put
  inside Iron Lungs.
• An Iron Lung is today's version of a respirator.

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Atoms for Peace

• On December 8, 1953, President Eisenhower
  addressed the General Assembly of the United
  Nations.
• In his address, Eisenhower discussed the United
  State's Atomic program.
• He stressed the importance of knowing just how
  devastating atomic weapons are.
• He outlined what the allies need to do in order
  to create a peaceful world.
• The Soviet Union had mixed reactions to
  Eisenhowers Atoms for Peace address.

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Interstate and Defense Highways

• Eisenhower saw first hand how the Germans
  effectively used highways to transport military
  goods.
• He was motivated to introduce a national system
  of interstate and defense highways.
• For years before he took office plans were in the
  works to build such a system, but it lacked
  funding.
• The initial cost estimate for the system was 25
  billion over twelve years
• it ended up costing 114 billion and taking 35
  years to complete, when the last traffic light
  was removed from I-90 in 1991.

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Space Race

• The '''Space Race ''' was an informal competition
  between the US USSR
• lasted from 1957 to 1975.
• It involved the parallel efforts by each of those
  countries to explore space with artificial
  satellites, to send humans into space, and to
  land people on the Moon
• The Space Race effectively began after the Soviet
  launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957.
• the Sputnik satellite 1st ever satellite in
  orbit

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Soviet Space Program

• Soviets had early success in space
• Serge Korolyov the head of the Soviet space
  program
• First animal to enter Earth orbit, Laika on
  Sputnik 2 (1957)
• April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet Cosmonaut,
  became the 1st man in space
• August 1962, the Soviets put two men into space
  simultaneously
• First woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova,
  Vostok 6 (1963)
• March 1965, the Soviets demonstrated the 1st
  successful space walk

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JFK the Space Program

• Early Soviet successes in space made many
  Americans believe that the U.S. was lagging too
  far behind
• JFK established the goal of beating the Soviets
  to the moon
• Research began for the Apollo Program
• Goal to land a man on the moon by the end of
  the decade

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Media Citations

• Slide 2 http//www.americaslibrary.gov/assets/aa
  /eisenhower/aa_eisenhower_subj_e.jpg
• Slide 3 http//www.abc.net.au/melbourne/stories/m
  1135501.jpg
• Slide 4 http//www.eisenhower.archives.gov/dl/sal
  k/ChartsonPolioFigure1.pdf
• Slide 5 http//americanhistory.si.edu/polio/histo
  ricalphotos/index.htm
• Slide 6 http//www.llnl.gov/str/March04/gifs/Verg
  ino1.jpg
• Slide 7 http//www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/06jan/images/
  wein6.jpg
• Slide 8
• Sputnik http//mek.kosmo.cz/druzice/rusko/sputni
  k/sp1_01.jpg
• Russian Stamp http//de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BildS
  putnik-stamp-ussr.jpg
• Slide 9
• Russian Stamp http//www.enchantedlearning.com/lg
  ifs/Laikastamp.GIF
• Russian Rocket http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image
  Soyuz_rocket.jpg
• Yuri Gagarin http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageY
  uri_Gagarin_official_portrait.jpg
• Slide 10 http//www.romfart.no/Sitater/Bilder/Ken
  nedyJohnGlennJohnMercury.jpg
• Slide 11 http//www.fas.org/irp/dia/product/88_sp
  ace_launch.jpg