Citation Using MLA Style

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Citation UsingMLA Style
Dan MichniewiczPublic Services Librarian Newnham
Library
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You must give credit whenever you use another
person's idea, opinion, or theory, whether its a
direct quote or paraphrasing
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A few definitions

• Citing - giving credit to someone elses ideas
  in your assignment
• Plagiarism - failing to give credit to someone
  else's ideas in your assignment
• Paraphrasing - not quoting a source directly,
  but using their ideas or opinions by summarizing
  them
• Citation Style - the format used to cite sources
  (e.g. MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.)

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Plagiarism
Using someone elses work (words, images, ideas,
phrases, signatures, or computations) and
presenting it as ones own, instead of properly
documenting every source. Seneca College
2008-2009 Academic Policy, section 9.2.
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SafeAssign

• To support Academic Honesty at Seneca College,
  all work submitted may be reviewed for
  authenticity and originality using software tools
  and third party services such as SafeAssign.
• Seneca College 2008-2009 Academic Policy,
  section 9.2.

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To avoid plagiarism

• Take good research notes, keeping track of where
  the information came from
• Organize your paper carefully remember which
  ideas are your own and which are not
• When paraphrasing, be sure to put the information
  in your own words dont just change a few words
  here and there and give proper credit
• Acknowledge all your sources using a citation
  style such as MLA

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MLA Style

• You must cite sources in two places
• in the text of your paper
• in the Works Cited list at the end of your paper
• MLA Style uses parenthetical references or
  in-text citations rather than footnotes or
  endnotes
• (King 28)
• In-text citations in the body of your paper point
  the reader to more complete information in the
  Works Cited list
• King, Stephen. Dolores Claiborne. New York
• Penguin, 1993.

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Sample Works Cited List
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Remember This Rule

• All sources cited in your paper must appear in
  the Works Cited list and all sources included in
  your Works Cited list must be cited within your
  paper.

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Parenthetical References(or In-Text Citations)
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Quoting a known author

• Include the last name of the author(s) and the
  page number where the information was found.
• If the author's name is used in a signal
  phrase, include the page number only.

Margaret Atwood considered Life Before Man her
most domestic novel (Sullivan 324).
Sullivan states that Margaret Atwood considered
Life Before Man her most domestic novel (324).
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Integrating quotations

• There are a number of ways to integrate
  quotations into your essays
• Introduce the quotation with a statement that
  puts it in context
• John Smith warns us the greatest risk ...
  (23)
• Use a signal phrase followed by a comma or a
  signal verb followed by that to announce a
  quotation
• According to John Smith, the greatest risk
  (23)
• Smith suggests that the greatest risk (23)
• Integrate the quotation fully into your sentence
  so that the quotation and your words combine to
  make a complete sentence
• We know that the greatest risk (Smith 23)

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Long quotations

• Place quotations longer than four lines in a
  free-standing block
• begin a new line
• indent 10 spaces from left margin
• do not use quotation marks
• ensure accuracy spelling, punctuation, etc.
• citation should come after the closing
  punctuation mark

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Long quotation example
Only Gatsby, the man who gives his name to
this book, was exempt from my reaction - Gatsby
who represented everything for which I have an
unaffected scorn. If personality is an unbroken
series of successful gestures, there was
something gorgeous about him, some heightened
sensitivity to the promises of life, as if he
were related to one of those intricate machines
that register earthquakes ten thousand miles
away. (Fitzgerald 6)
Early in the novel, Nick reveals his fascination
with the novel's central character
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Quoting a work by an unknown author

• When the author is unknown, include the first
  word of the title in your In-Text Citation
• Underline the first word of titles of books,
  magazines, newspapers, plays, works of art,
  computer software or web sites.
• (Legacy 84)
• Place quotation marks around the first word of
  titles of articles (from newspapers, magazines,
  journals or the Internet), documents on web
  sites, essays, poems, short stories, or chapter
  titles.
• (Stories 23)

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Paraphrasing

• Putting the information into your own words do
  not simply replace a few words or rearrange the
  sentence and call it your own
• You still have to cite your source!

The tight labour markets in various regions
across Canada are making it increasingly
difficult for some organizations to hire people
with the needed skill sets. Organizations may be
forced to bring in underskilled workers because
of the increasing shortage of skilled workers.
The lack of an adequately trained workforce has
meant that, in certain Canadian markets,
organizations will hire people who do not have
the necessary qualifications for the positions
(Murphy 11).
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Works Cited List
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Sample Works Cited List
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General rules

• begin on a new page and centre the title (Works
  Cited) at the top of the page
• double-space the list
• start first line of each reference at the left
  margin indent subsequent lines ½ an inch or 5
  spaces (hanging indent)
• alphabetize list by first word in reference
  (usually author)
• capitalize the first, last and all main words in
  a title or subtitle. Unless they are the first
  word in a title or subtitle, do not capitalize
  words such as a, an, the, and, or, but, for,
  nor, yet, so, in, from, to, with
• end each citation with a period

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Print sources books

• Authors names. Title. Place of publication
  Publisher, year.

One Author Foster, Mark S. Castles in the Sand
The Life and Times of Carl Graham Fisher.
Gainesville University Press of Florida,
2000.
Two or Three Authors Sherman, Chris, and Gary
Price. The Invisible Web Uncovering Information
Sources Search Engines Cant See. Medford, N.J.
Information Today, 2001.
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Extracting information from the library catalogue
for your MLA citation
Author
Title
If extracting information from a print book,
photocopy the first few pages for future reference
year
Publisher
Place of Publication
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Exercise 1

• Format
• Last name, First name. Title. Place of
  Publication Publisher, Year Published.

Answer Cohen, Mark. Censorship in Canadian
Literature. Montreal McGill-Queens
University Press, 2001.
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Print sources articles

• Authors names. Article Title. Publication
  information pages.

Shepard, Robert. The Velvet Fog of Ontario
Politics. Macleans 8 Apr. 2002 40-41.
Walker, William. Bush, Blair Take Aim at Iraq.
Toronto Star 7 Apr. 2002 A9.
Horner, Bruce. Negotiating Traditions of English
Song Performance, Text, History." Mosaic
27.3 (1994) 19-44.
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Extracting information from a print article for
your MLA citation
year
Periodical Title
pages
volume (issue)
Author
Article Title
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Exercise 2
Format Last name, First name. Article Title.
Journal Title volume.issue (year) pages.
Answer Winne, Philip H. Key Issues in Modeling
and Applying Research on Self-Regulated
Learning. Applied Psychology An International
Review 54.2 (2005) 232-238.
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Electronic Sources Articles from a Database
Authors names. "Article Title." Publication
information pages. Database name. Vendor name.
Library subscribing to database. Access date.
Blimling, Gregory S. Creating Contexts for
Learning and Self-Authorship. Journal of
Higher Education 73.2 (2004) 307-311. CBCA
Education. ProQuest. Seneca Lib. 8 Oct. 2006.

• Chase, Steven. GM Food-Label Panel Reaches an
  Impasse Ottawa Should Set Mandatory Regulations
  for Genetically Modified Fare. Globe and Mail 14
  March 2003 1. CPI.Q. Gale. Seneca Lib. 2 Sep.
  2006.

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Extracting Information from an online database
record for your MLA citation
Vendor
Database
Article Title
page(s)
year
Author(s)
volume / issue
Periodical Title
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Exercise 3
Format Last name, First name. Article Title.
Journal Title volume.issue (year) pages.
Database name. Vendor name. Library subscribing
to database. Access date.
Answer Krugly-Smolska, Eva. The Institutions of
Education. The Canadian Journal of Higher
Education 35.3 (2005) 134-135. CBCA Education.
ProQuest. Seneca Lib. 24 Nov. 2006.
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Our MLA Style Guide shows you how to cite

• books (print electronic)
• journal / magazine articles (print electronic)
• newspaper articles (print electronic)
• webpages
• audiovisual resources (e.g., CDs, DVDs)
• reference material from a library database
• interviews
• and more

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Click here
http//library.senecacollege.ca
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Who can I ask if I get stuck?

• In-Person
• Ask for help at the Reference Desk

Telephone[phone] ext. 2094

• Online
• E-mail askthelibrary_at_senecac.on.ca
• (answered within 24 hours)
• Live Chat instant message
• the library by clicking askON
• on the Libraries homepage

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• Any questions?