JEAN HENRI DUNANT - PROMOTER OF RED CROSS

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JEAN HENRI DUNANT -PROMOTER OF RED CROSS

• Jean Henri Dunant was born in Geneva on 8 May
  1828.
• On 24 June 1859, Dunant arrived at Solferino
  where he witnessed one of the fiercest battles of
  the nineteeth century. The Battle of Solferino
  lasted for more than 15 hours and more than
  40,000 were wounded. With the help of the
  villagers at Castiglione, he worked tirelessly,
  giving comfort and what medical care he could to
  the injured men.
• Back at Geneva, Dunant wrote and published a
  book entitled "A Memory of Solferino in 1862,
  which he put forward his ideas to foster the
  creation in every country of a society for the
  relief of the military wounded and capable of
  helping the army medical services to carry out
  their tasks.
• In his effort to establish the Red Cross, Dunant
  neglected his business and he was declared
  bankrupt in 1867.

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• Deprived of his citizenship, Dunant resigned
  from the ICRC and left Geneva to live in Paris.
• In 1872, Dunant left Paris and went to London to
  pursue his ideas to convince people of the need
  for an international treaty for protection of
  prisoners-of-war.
• Dunant left England in 1874 and wandered from
  place to place for the next twelve years, living
  in poverty and obscurity.
• In 1887, Dunant returned to Heiden where he
  spent the rest of his days.
• In 1895, one young journalist discovered Dunant
  warded in District Hospital. Dunant became
  famous again after his story was published.
• Dunant was awarded the first Nobel Peace Prize
  for humanitarian work in December 1901.
• Dunant died on 30 October 1910 (82 years old).

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RED CROSS MOTTOServe one another RED CROSS
PROMISEWe, as members of the Singapore Red
Cross Society, promise to serve our country, and
to join with others all over the world to help
the sick and the suffering RED CROSS SONGCome
let us pledge again, each heart and hand,To thee
the flag we serve, friends in every land.Come
let us give anew, each thought and mind,To be a
light to shine, over all mankind.So may our
emblem be proudly unfurled,To link the chain of
youth for service thru the worldOh give us
strength to prove, sure and sublime,To make the
cause we serve, shine over the hills of time.
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THE EMBLEM

• The Red Cross emblem (5 red squares on a white
  background) was adopted in 1863 in honour of
  Switzerland, obtained by reversing the colours of
  the Swiss flag.
• In 1876, Turkey adopted the emblem of the Red
  Crescent (a red crescent on a white background)
  and it was mostly used by Islamic countries.
• The two distinctive emblems are equally
  recognised and protected since the diplomatic
  Conference of 1929. It is to ensure the
  protection of the war-wounded and of all the
  persons caring for them. Any abuse of the
  emblems endanger the entire system and
  constitutes a grave breach of international law.

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FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLESadopted in 1965

• Humanity
• Impartiality
• Neutrality
• Independence
• Voluntary Service
• Unity
• Universality

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GENEVA CONVENTIONS

• First Geneva Convention was signed in 1864 to
  save the wounded soldiers on battlefields.
• Second Geneva Convention was signed in 1906 to
  extend the principles of the First Convention to
  the victims of naval warfare including
  shipwrecked men.
• Third Geneva Convention was signed in 1929 to
  protect the welfare of prisoners-of-war and it
  contains elaborate and detailed rules for their
  treatment.
• Fourth Geneva Convention was signed in 1949
  contains rules to ensure the safety of civilians
  to an occupied territory and those who happen to
  be in the enemy country during the war.

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ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLSsigned on 8 June 1977

• Protocol I concerns international armed
  conflicts. It prohibits random attacks against
  civilians and the things which civilians need to
  survive such as crops and livestock. It
  prohibits massive air bombardments. The parties
  involved in the conflict must provide medical aid
  and food to civilians, otherwise to permit relief
  supplies by the ICRC.
• Protocol II concerns internal conflict or civil
  war in which the government of a country finds
  itself at grips with rebel forces. It covers the
  protection of rebel forces and the like. It
  provides a body of rules aimed at safeguarding
  certain basic values such as respect for the
  physical and moral integrity of the individual
  and the decent treatment for persons deprived of
  their freedom.

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INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

• What is International Humanitarian Law (IHL)?
• International Humanitarian Law (IHL), or the
  Law of War, consists of a set of laws which
  serves to limit human suffering inflicted during
  situations of international or non-international
  armed conflict. They include rules pertaining to
  the protection of cultural property and to the
  limited use of weapons. If wars cannot be
  prevented, then human suffering should be
  minimised. IHL lays out that even war has
  limits.
• The four Geneva Conventions form an important
  part of the international law. To make this law
  enforceable, the Convention stipulates that the
  signatory states shall enact suitable legislation
  in their respective countries to deal with the
  grave breaches of the Conventions under their
  criminal law and suitable penalties should be
  prescribed for these offences.

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INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT

• International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
• International Federation of the Red Cross and Red
  Crescent Societies (IFRC)
• National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
  (NS)
• (presently 176)
• These institutions meet once every four years,
  with representatives of the States party to the
  Geneva Conventions, at an International
  Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent

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INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS (ICRC)

• ICRC is an independent humanitarian institution
  of a private character, neutral as regards to
  political opinions, ideology and religion. The
  Assembly is the supreme policy-making body of
  ICRC.
• ROLES
• Promoter of Geneva Convention
• Neutral Institution
• Right of Initiative
• Guardian of Principles
• Protect the Wounded, POWs and Internees
• Feed, Clothe and House Prisoners and Internees

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INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF THE RED CROSS AND RED
CRESCENT SOCIETIES (IFRC)

• Formerly known as League of Red Cross and Red
  Crescent Societies (LRCS) until 1992. LRCS was
  founded on 5 May 1919 (after World War I) in
  Paris by Henry Pomeroy Davidson, Chairman of the
  American Red Cross War Council. The founder
  members were the NRCS of USA, France, United
  Kingdom, Italy and Japan.
• The main objectives of IFRC are to inspire,
  encourage, facilitate and promote at all times
  all forms of humanitarian activities carried out
  by the National Societies with a view to the
  prevention and alleviation of human suffering and
  thereby contribute to the maintenance and the
  promotion of peace in the world.
• IFRC maintains close relation with the ICRC in
  order to co-ordinate and harmonise their
  respective activities laid down by the Statues of
  their respective institutions.

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ROLES OF IFRC

• Encourages the creation and development of NS
• Advises and assists NS in development of their
  services
• Organises and coordinates international relief
  for victims of natural disasters and refugees
• Promotes the adoption of national disaster
  prepardness
• As a permanent liaison body of NS, to act as
  their spokesman and representative
  internationally
• Assists the ICRC in the promotion and development
  of IHL and Red Cross fundamental principles
• Carries out the mandates entrusted to it by the
  ICRC

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NATIONAL RED CROSS ANDRED CRESCENT SOCIETIES (NS)

• Activities are varied as the countries they
  serve. They include emergency relief, health
  services and social assistance to individuals and
  communities, first aid courses for the public,
  training of nursing personnel, blood services,
  youth programmes, etc.
• In wartime, Societies serve as auxiliaries to
  the army medical services, care for military
  wounded and sick, and aid prisoners, refugees and
  civilian internees.
• Societies must fulfill stringent conditions to
  achieve international recognition by the ICRC and
  obtain Federation membership. Among them,
  respect of Red Cross Principles and recognised by
  their government as voluntary aid societies,
  auxiliaries to public authorities in humanitarian
  matters.

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INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS WORKS

• ICRC and Political Prisoners
• Improving the Plight of Political Detainees
• Red Cross and Peace
• Red Cross and Youth
• Red Cross and War
• Red Cross and Natural Disasters
• Red Cross and Health
• Red Cross and First Aid
• Red Cross and Nursing
• Red Cross and Communication
• Red Cross and Blood Donation
• Central Tracing Agency
• International Tracing Service

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THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OFHUMAN RIGHTSAdopted
and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution
217A (iii) of 10 December 1948

• The General Assembly proclaims this Universal
  Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard
  of achievement for all peoples and all nations,
  to the end that every individual and every organ
  of society, keeping this Declaration constantly
  in mind, shall strive by teaching and education
  to promote respect for these rights and freedoms
  and by progressive measures, national and
  international, to secure their universal and
  effective recognition and observance, both among
  the peoples of Member States themselves and among
  the peoples of territories under their
  jurisdiction.
• The Declaration constitutes a total of 30
  Articles.

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SINGAPORE RED CROSS SOCIETY (SRCS)

• Red Cross work in Singapore began in 1949 as
  part of the British Red Cross Society and SRCS
  was incorporated by an Act of Parliament on 6
  April 1973.
• SRCS is part of a world-wide, non-political,
  non-religious movement which based its work on
  the fundamental principles. An independent
  humanitarian organisation, it raises its own
  funds in serving humanity and furthering the work
  of the Red Cross locally and internationally.
• The Council is headed by a Chairman which is
  appointed by the President of the Republic of
  Singapore, the Patron of the SRCS.
  Implementation of the policies and directives
  laid down by the Council is done by the
  Secretariat headed by the Secretary General.
• The general management is overseen by the
  Executive Committee.

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ACTIVITIES

• SERVICES
• Red Cross Home for the Disabled
• Red Cross Hostel for Physically Handicapped
  Workers
• Red Cross Blood Collection Programme
• Red Cross Ambulance Service
• Red Cross Training Centre
• First Aid Public Duty
• Information Referral
• Volunteer Development
• International Services
• Fund Raising Public Relations
• Finance Administration

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RED CROSS YOUTH DIVISIONas from 1 January 2001