'

1
????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????
?????? ?? ????? ???

• ??? ???? ????? ???????
• ?????? ??????????
• ??????????? ?????? ????????
• ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? (???? 832/03)

2

• ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????
  ??????? ???? ??????? ???-???? ?? ?????? ?????.
• ???? / ???????? ?????
• ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????
  ?????? ?? ?????? ?????.
• ??????? ??????? ?? ??"? "????????? ?????" ??????
  ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ??????.

3
?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???(????, ??, ???)

• ???? ????
• ????? / ???????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ?????
  ????
• ???????
• ????? ????? ?????? ???-???? ?????? ?????

4

• ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????
  ???-???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.

5
Are not Familiar with the environment
6
Problems in orientation
7

• ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????
  ???-???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.
• ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????
  (?????? ???? ???????) .
• ?? ??? ???? ??????? (???? ??? ????? ??? ????
  ??? ????? ?? ??? - ???? ????? ????? ???????).
• ?? ?????? ?????? ????.
• ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????
  ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????.

8
????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????

• ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????
  ??????? ?? ??? ???.
• ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????
  ?- GPS ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????
  (???? ????? ??????? Ten Hagen Ziph).
• ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???-???? ?????? ????
  (????? ?????? ???-???? ?????????? - Doherty) ???
  ????? ????? ????? (Kwan Raper and Mountain)
  ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? (Miller).
• ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??
  ?????-???.
• Phillips et al. 2001 (Oklahoma City)
• Elgethun et al. 2003 (Seattle)
• ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????

9
Available Tracking Technologies

• Land Based Tracking Systems
• TDOA
• AOA
• GPS
• Cellular triangulation
• Hybrid Systems
• AGPS

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Global Positioning Systems

• The Global Positioning System GPS consists of a
  series of satellites, which orbit the earth
  broadcasting signals, which are then picked up by
  a system of receivers. By triangulating data
  received from at least four satellites, the
  receivers can then determine their location.
• United States Department of Defences DOD GPS.
• Consisting of 24 satellites arranged in six
  orbital planes, it was originally conceived as a
  military navigation system. Fully operational
  since 1994 (Kaplan 1996), the system was
  initially available to military personnel only,
  with the DOD deliberately degrading the
  satellites civilian signal in order to deny
  civilians access to its system. In May 2000 the
  DOD terminated, as it was known, the Selective
  Availability (SA) procedure, opening up the
  system to individuals and for commercial
  applications across the globe.

13
Available Tracking Technologies

• Land Based Tracking Systems
• TDOA
• AOA
• GPS
• Cellular triangulation
• Hybrid Systems
• AGPS

14
????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????
15
???? ???????? "????????"
16
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(No Transcript)
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Comparison Between the Two Leading Tracking
Technologies (I)
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Comparison Between the Two Leading Tracking
Technologies (II)
22
??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????
23
?????

• ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
  ??????
• ?????? ???-???? ?? ??????? ????.
• ????? ??????? ?? ????.

24
Underground Crusader City
Exit to surface
Parking
Visitor Center
Templar Tunnel
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26
Time scale every second in the video is five
minutes in real life
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????? ??????? ?? ????

• ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??
  ????
• ??? ?? ???
• ????? ??????? ??? ??? (???? ????? ????? ??
  10X10???)

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????? ???????

• ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????
  ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????
  (??? ?? ????? ?? ?"? ?? ??????).
• ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???
  ????.
• ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????
  ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????.
• ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????
  ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? (?????, ?????? ??????,
  ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????).
• ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???.

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?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????

• ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????
  ????????, ???????, ?????? ????"?.
• ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????
  ????? ????? ??????.
• ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????
  ?????? ????? ?????? ????????.
• ?? ?????, ??????? ??????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?"??
  ?????" (???? ???????????) ?????? ?????? ?????, ??
  ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??????.

36
????? ????

• ?????? ???? 2004
• ???? ?????? ?????-?????? 2004
• 9 ??????? (GPS and Pocket PC, Blue-tooth
  technology)
• ?? 1 ??? 10 ?????? ???? ?????? ????? (???? ????
  ???? ?? ???? ?????)
• ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??
  ???????? ???? ????? ??????...
• ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????
• ??"? ????? 178 ????? ?? ??????? ?????, ?? ?????
  ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????. ????? 134 ???
  ?????? ?????? (75.3)

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????? ??????? ?????????? ?? GPS

• ?????? ??????
• ?????? ????

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