HOMESTAKE Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory

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HOMESTAKE Deep Underground Science and
Engineering Laboratory
Tenth Annual Continental Scientific Drilling
Workshop DOSECC June 4-6, 2006
W. Roggenthen Dept. Geology/Geol. Eng. SDSMT
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• Why neutrinos and a physics underground lab?
• Investigation of a fundamental particle.
• What was the universe like 10-10 minutes after
  the Big Bang?
• What is the fate of the universe (Do protons
  decay)?
• Why does our world/universe exist?

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Solicitation 1Research Definition Associated
Infrastructure Requirements
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physics experiment
BUT must be a multidisciplinary approach
including components from Geosciences Engineerin
g Biology
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Solicitation 2Site Development and Conceptual
Design

• Provide sufficient information about possible
  sites to permit down-select in conjunction with
  information coming from S-1
• Estimated cost and development schedules

Conceptual Design Report due June 23, 2006
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Solicitation 3 (as currently envisioned)

• Detailed Infrastructure Plan for Underground
  Science and Engineering
• Site dependent design of laboratory facilities in
  the context of the science modules
• Preliminary baseline, including suite of initial
  expts and future plans

Technical Design Report - Probably begin fall,
2006
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Homestake
Crystalline basement of the mid-continent
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Location

• Northern Black Hills of western South Dakota.
• An elongate domal Laramide uplift 100 km long and
  60 km wide.
• Core of Precambrian phyllite, schist, and granite
  flanked by Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks.

X
Modified from Caddey, et al. (1991)
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DUSEL - History

• 2001 Homestake was selected by the Bahcall
  Committee as the prime site for NUSEL
• fastest time to science and lower initial capital
  outlay,
• strong beneficial impact on local community,
• lower risks
• 2002 Nobel Prize awarded to Davis for his
  Chlorine Experiment at Homestakes 4850 level.
• Homestake was selected in May 2003 by the NSF as
  the prime site for DUSEL by an independent panel
  siting report

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2003 - Barrick closed, capped and sealed
Homestake Clean up and and closure
documentation by EPA Mothballed surface
equipment, Ventilation of the mine altered to
preserve infrastructure Pumping ceased current
level 6200 level (Jan 2006), 700 gal/min
Feb 2004 South Dakota Technology Authority
created with 100M bonding ability Enacted
Indemnity and Immunity Statutes Funded 14.3M (
10M from HUD action)
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• July 2005 Henderson and Homestake selected by
  NSF, each funded for CDR work
• October 2005, State Legislature approves
  additional 20M funding for Homestake, total of
  45M from state controlled sources.

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November 2005 - First call for Letters of
Interest for Homestake 80 letters received by
February 2006 December 2005 - two workshops at
AGU in San Francisco and town meeting. 9
February 2006 - Physics and EO workshops held in
Lead, SD, 135 attendees 10 - 11 February 2006
- 1st PAC meeting for Homestake, LOIs present
written documents and oral presentations to the
PAC May, 2006 mine transferred to
SDSTA neutrino.lbl.gov/Homestake/FebWS homestake.
sdsmt.edu
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X
Modified from Caddey, et al. (1991)
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• Geologic Events
• Intrusion - rhyolites and phonolites 53 my
• Regional uplift and erosion 65 my
• Deposition beginning in middle Cambrian
• Uplift and erosion
• Metamorphism 1.75 by
• Metamorphism1.84 by
• Deposition 1.9 by

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Environments of deposition
Poorman deposition (Yates Member) Homestake
deposition Ellison deposition
Rogers, 1990
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• Homestake Formation
• transition to Fe and Mg carbonate chemical
  precipitation and iron formation
• Multiple horizons of carbonate facies iron
  formation interlayered with marl

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Homestake Formation
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• Metamorphic grade
• middle greenschist in the western part of the
  mine
• middle amphibolite facies in the deep, eastern
  section of the mine

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Homestake Mine Cross-Section
Caddey, et al., 1990
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• Statistics
• 500 km of drifts
• gt 50 levels (45m 150 ft/level)
• total depth of 2.4 km (8000 ft)
• water inflow lt44 l/s (lt 700 gallon/minute)
• extensive (non-mineralized areas not
  penetrated by boreholes or drifts (virgin
  territory available)
• core archives available for scientific
  investigation

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Diamond Core Drilling

• Best sample obtainable for geologic, structural,
  and engineering purposes.
• 300,000 feet of core from surface and
  underground.

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• Can be integrated with Homestake Mine digital
  (Vulcan database) and paper archive (including
  geochemistry)
• Current inventory comprises 20,000 core boxes

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Early Implementation Program and the Homestake
Interim Lab

• Development of Science Opportunities at Homestake
• 4850 Lab
• Deep/Expanded Lab
• Astrophysics and Physics
• Earth Sciences and Geosciences
• Biology
• Engineering
• Outreach and Education

Initial Uses in 2007
Expanded Uses in 2008/2009 as DUSEL
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4850L Re-Entry Phase
Existing Neutrino Chamber For Davis
Experiment 56 x 30 x 26 high
Yates
4850L Shops Existing Rooms
Ross
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4850L Phased Development -- additional lab modules
Yates
Phase 1 Lab Modules
Phase 4 Lab Modules
Phase 2 Lab Modules
Phase 3 Lab Modules Preliminary studies indicate
that rooms up to 150 dia. x 100 high are
feasible in the Yates Formation.
Yates formation Poorman formation
Ross
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Possible 7400L Campus (Phased Development)
No.6 winze
Purpose-Built Lab Modules.
7100L
7400L
7700L
Develop similar modules at 8000, as required by
experiments
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300 L
South Dakota Interim Laboratory (SDSTA)
Conversion Plan
4850L
NSF Response/Homestake Collaboration
7400L
8000L
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Shallow Labs
Intermediate Labs
Deep Labs
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Letters of Interest for Homestake

• 80 LOIs logged in
• 60 earth science
• 20 physics
• dark matter
• double beta decay
• geoneutrinos
• long baseline pdk
• low bckgrd cnting
• astrophysics
• 5 engineering
• 5 education
• 10 other

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Large Cavities at Depth
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Johnson and Tesarik, 2000
4850 Level(max principle stress1.2x104
contours _at_ 1000) 6800 Level (1.4x104 c
1000) 8000 Level (2.5x104 c 2500)
50 m cavities stable at 4850 and 6800 foot
levels
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Geomicrobiology

• Early research -- adaptation and transport of
  surface microbial communities to deep
  environments.
• Long term focus -- characterization of ancient
  and present day, thermophilic, subsurface
  microbial communities.

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• Coupled processes - thermal, mechanical,biologica
  l
• Paleohydrology
• Geophysical imaging
• 3-D seismic arrays

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Opportunities (requirements)for drilling and
sampling

• Tends to be of more interest in the fluids,
  biota, temperatures rather than finding out what
  is there
• Challenges will be to develop means for acquiring
  deep cores using sterile techniques
• Capture fluids from depth including water but
  also gases, e.g. methane, hydrogen

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Homestake Summary

• Interim Laboratory will open for Initial Suite of
  Experiments (ISE) in 2007,
• Early Program permits a evolutionary approach to
  developing DUSEL establishing scientific
  program, developing the infrastructure and
  operating staff, phasing of experiments and
  agency involvement, building confidence and
  experience
• Initial Studies for Large Cavities exist, much
  known about the rock and the environment, large
  operational history to draw on
• Cavities could be ready by 2012

2006
2008
2010
2011
2009
2007
2012
Cavity Const. Det. Program Starts - detector
development
Cavity Construct Deep Lab Science
Ownership Rehab
Rehab Initial Occupancy
DUSEL Cavity Start Deep Lab
Cavity Construct
Initial Suite of Expts Cavity RD
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Homestake Mine 1876 2001Homestake DUSEL2006 -
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Geomicrobiology (gt15 LOIs to date)

• Early Reentry LOIs
• Bioprospecting (LOI 28)
• Robotic sampling (LOI 25)
• Mine soil weathering (LOI 29)
• Microbial ecology geomicrobiology (LOI 38, 53a)
• Corrosion of mining structure (TCO3LOI38, 53a)
• 4850 Level LOIs
• Microbial ecology geomicrobiology (LOI 3, 53a,
  83)
• Deep Biogeochemical Cycles (LOI 70, 38, 83)
• Transition biogeochemistry and impact on geology
  (LOI 75, 79)
• Intermediate Coupled Processes Laboratory (LOI
  38, 53a, 76)
• Bioprospecting (LOI 28)
• Robotic sampling (LOI 25)
• Mine soil weathering (LOI 29)
• Corrosion of mining structure (LOI 38, 53a, 77)
• DUSEL deep level LOIs
• Limits of life (3 km borehole array) from 8,000
  level (LOI 38, 15, 80, 81)
• Deep Coupled Processes Laboratory (LOI78, 83)
• Deep Biogeochemical Cycles (LOI 7038)

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Existing Surface Buildings for Facility
Operations and Support included in the Agreement
186 acres being transfered
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Approximate boundary Of transferred property 186
acres
WWTP
Open Cut