Beginning 14501750

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Beginning 1450-1750

• Main Topics
• World becomes global!
• Maritime trade dominates the world
• European kingdoms gain power
• Labor systems transformed
• Gunpowder Empires emerge in Middle East and Asia

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The Ottoman Empire

• Collection of Turkish Tribes from Asia Minor
• 1453 Conquered Constantinople and collapsed the
  Byzantine Empire
• From Constantinople (later Istanbul) they would
  launch raids against the Balkans of Europe
• Suleiman the Magnificent led control of land on
  three continents (Southwestern Europe, Middle
  East, and North Africa)
• Siege of Vienna (1530) turning point of Ottoman
  expansion and European unity to fight the Muslim
  invaders!

3
Ottoman Empire Continued

• They used civil service and bureaucracy to
  maintain a multiethnic empire for 600 years
  (1299-1922)
• The Sultan was the absolute ruler
• Got wealth from controlling the Dardanelles and
  Black Sea control
• Great army of mounted and foot soldiers used
  Janissaries Balkan Christian boys captured and
  trained into the army
• Slaves were used as labor

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Ottoman Empire again

• Most Turks were Sunni Islam, however there were
  Orthodox Christians and Jews that made up large
  part of the empire
• Culture was extremely diverse due to trade
  connections and diversity of land
• The merchant class was important
• Women had more equality than most areas,
  including the right to own property.

5
HOLY COW the Mughal Empire!

• Continuation of the Delhi Sultanate
  descendents of the Mongol invaders (hence Mughal)
  
• Land included modern day India, Pakistan, and
  Afghanistan
• Strong military required high taxes
• Military service was rewarded with land grants
  upset regional rulers
• Muslim authority over Hindus Akbar married a
  Hindu woman and tried to reconcile with the
  majority Hindi population
• Sikhism emerges in some areas a combination
  of Islam and Hinduism
• Limited trade
• The Taj Mahal was built during this time. It is
  an Islamic building

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TOKUGAWA JAPAN

• Gunpowder Empire in Japan
• Tokugawa organized the daimyos (regional lords)
  and the Shoguns into one unified powerful family
• Emperor still honored as ceremonial leader
• Tent government under Emperor settled in Edo
  (modern day Tokyo) and ruled by alternate
  attendance daimyos must spend every other year
  the Tokugawa shoguns court
• Daimyos now have limited time to focus on armies
  back home (same way Louis XIV controlled the
  French nobles in European history)

7
Tokugawa Continued

• Tokugawa had less patience with Christian
  missionaries from the west than the Chinese did
• Japanese idea of Europeans based on Spanish
  conquest of the Philippines a fate they did not
  want to share
• 1630s the Shogunate closed Japan by
  forbidding all Japanese from going abroad and
  expelling Europeans from Japan
• Feared Europeans and daimyos would form alliance
  to over take Tokugawa control

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Ming Dynasty in China

• Ming Emperors ruled China until Mid-1600
• Even in decline, the cultural brilliance and
  economic achievements continued
• Problems that factored in decline
• Hard to control borders
• Armies expensive to maintain
• Transportation and communication issues

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End of Ming Dynasty

• 1. Climatic Change weather turned colder
  affected agriculture and health created famine
  caused rebellions to occur
• 2. Nomadic Invasions Mongols invaded with help
  of Tibet instituted the Dalai Lama or
  universal teacher of Tibetan Buddhism Japan
  also attacked Korea (a Chinese tributary state)
• 3. Pirates
• 4. Decline of Silk Road
• 5. Inept Rulers

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Rise of Qing Dynasty

• The Manchus finally overthrew the Ming in 1644
• Ming had originally asked the Manchus to help
  fight off the Mongols
• They did and then attacked the Ming when they
  were done!!
• Called themselves the Qing (pure) b/c they saw
  themselves as restoring China to glory
• Qing Dynasty ruled China until 1911

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Qing Dynasty

• Borrowed from Chinese culture
• Ex. Mandate of Heaven
• Kept their ethnic identity
• Forbid intermarriage of Manchu and Chinese
• Forbid Chinese from learning the Manchurian
  language
• Required Chinese men to shave their heads and
  grow long queues at the back of their heads as a
  sign of submission!

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Question from Video(copy now)

• Describe the historical figures and
• circumstances that led to the High
• Renaissance.
• Identify major works by Raphael, Leonardo da
  Vinci, and Michelangelo,.
• Identify the contributions these artists
• brought to the world of visual arts.

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Scientific Revolution

• Key People Copernicus, Galileo, Francis Bacon,
  William Harvey
• Movement Ideals
• World explained through natural laws instead of
  superstition Sun was center of universe
  Scientific Method Question traditional church
  practices and teachings
• Diffusion Throughout Europe and American colonies

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Enlightenment

• Key People John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
  Thomas Hobbes, Voltaire
• Ideas Natural Rights life, liberty, property
  right of people to protest and overthrow the
  government Freedom of speech, press, religion
• Diffusion Europe and American Colonies

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