Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

1
???? ????? ???????? Introduction to Artificial
Intelligence

• ???? ?"? ??? ?????????
• ?????? ??????? ?????
• 2003

2
????? ???

• Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach by
  S. Russell and P. Norvig, Prentice Hall, 1995

3
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• ?????? ???? ????????.
• ???????? ?? ???? ????????.
• ?????? ???????.
• ????? - ?????? ?????.

4
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• Bellman78 "????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???
  ????? ??????, ???? ????? ??????, ????? ?????,
  ?????".
• CharniakMcDermott, 85 "?????? ?? ?????? ??????
  ??? ????? ??????? ????????".
• RichKnight, 91 "?????? ???? ????? ???????
  ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????".
• LugerStubblefield, 93 "???? ????? ????? ???
  ????????? ?? ??????? ???????????".

5
?????????? ????? ????? ????????

• ????? ?????? -??? ?????????
• ????? ??????? (????????) -???? ??????
• ????? ????? -???? Turing
• ????? ?????? (???????) -????? ?? ????
  ????? -?????? ??????????
• ( Rational agents )

6
???? Turing
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- ????? ????? - ???? ?????? ?? ????
-???? ????? - ????? ??????
?????? ??? ??????????? - ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????
??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????
7
?????? ?????????? Rational agents

• ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
• ???? - ???? ??????? ?????? ??????.
• ???? - ??????? f P ? A
• P - ???????? ??
  ??????
• A - ??????
• ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????

8
?????? ????? ????????

• ???? ??????/????? ??????? ??? ????.
• ???? ??????/????? ??????? ????? ?????? (???????)
• ???? ?? ?????? ???????.
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9
??????? ??????? ????? ????????

• ?????? - ??, ??-??, ?????
• ????? ??? ????? - ???? ????? ?????, ??????
  ??????, ...
• ????? ????? - ???????? ??????, ????????
  ?????????, ??????????? ?? ??????,...

10
??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????

• ?????? ?
• ??????
• ????? ?????
• ????? ????? ?????? ????????.
• ????? ?????? ?? ??? KNOWLEDGE ????? ??????.
• ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????.
• ????? ????? ????? ????????? HEURISTICS
• ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????.

11
????? ???? ???? ?????
12
?????? I

• ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????,
  ??? ?? ??????? ????? (state diagram).
• ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????
  ?????.
• ??????
• ???? ????.
• ???? ???? ??????.
• ???? ?? ????? (?? ???? ???? ????? ????).

13
?????? II

• ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????
• ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????.
• ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ??
  ??????. (?? ??? ????? ????)
• ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????.
• ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????.
• ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????.
• ????, ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????.

14
?????? III ?????? AI

• ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????.
• ??? ?????? ?? ????.
• ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????.
• ????? ???????? ?????.
• ???? ???? ???, ??? ?????? ?????? ???????.
• look-ahead, ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????
  ?? ?????.
• ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????
  ?????.

15
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• ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????.
• ????????? ??????, ????? ????, ??? ??????
  ?????????. (???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????,
  ???????).
• ??????? ????? ????????, ??????, ??????????,
  ??????, ?? ??????, ???????? ?????.

16
?????? ???? ???????? (????)

• ?????????? ???????, ??? ????????? (??? ?????).
• ?????? ?????, ???? ???, ????? ????????.
• ???? ????? ??????, ?????, ?????? ?? ????
  ?????.
• ????? ???????? ????, ?????, ??? ???.

17
???????? ?? ???? ????????

• ????? (43-56)
• ????????, ????? ??????? (neural networks) , ?????
  ????, ????? ??????.
• Shannon, Turing, Von Neumann, Newell and Simon,
  Minsky, McCarthy, Darmouth Workshop
• ??????? ??????? (52-69)
• ????? ???? ????? ?????, ?????, ?????? ??? ?????
  ???????.
• ??? 10 ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ?????
  ?????? ???? ???? ????????. (57')
• LISP - LISt Processing language

18
???????? ?? ???? ???????? (????)

• ??????? (66-74)
• ???? ????? ?????? Microworld -
• ???????? (68)
• ???? ??????? (70-75)