Bound for Botany Bay

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Bound for Botany Bay

• The Trauma of Exile

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• The impact on the families of convicts
• 2 Surviving the voyage to Australia
• Arrival in Australia
• 4 End of the system

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• 1788 and 1868 - over 162,000 convicts
  transported.
• Over 80 were men
• 90 of offences were for theft.
• The vast majority never saw Britain again.

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Hogarth The Idle Prentice at Tyburn
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• Convict hulks at Woolwich shortly before their
  removal in 1856.
• Hulk in Portsmouth Harbour (by E.Cooke)

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Hulks at Woolwich. Convicts dredging the Thames
protecting the riverbanks from erosion
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• 1786 letter from Lord Sydney.  
• The several Gaols and Places being so crowded
  that the greatest danger is not only from their
  Escape but from the Infectious Distempers I am
  therefore commanded that you do forthwith take
  such measures as may be necessary for providing a
  proper number of vessels for the conveyance of
  750 convicts.

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Route of the First Fleet
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• First Fleet arriving at Port Jackson, 26
  January 1788, by William Bradley

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Sydney Cove, 1800 from the journal of the
Minerva.
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• Bundles of letters 1819-1844 sent by relatives to
  the Home Office
• PC 1/67-92

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Black-eyed Sue and Sweet Poll of Plymouth taking
leave of their lovers who are going to Botany
Bay. Published by Robert Sayer, 1792
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Prince of Wales and members of the Church,
judiciary and MPs landing at Botany Bay. John
Boyne (1750-1810)
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• I have been almost famished for want of food.
  My husband left me with one child, I have neither
  father or mother, relatives or friends to give me
  and my child any assistance whatever I have
  nothing to get my bread with I will do my
  utmost endeavours to make myself useful in the
  colony, I am very young, twenty years of age in
  good health and of sound constitution (1837).

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Letter dated 1835. My poor wife is likely to
go out of her reason about the thought of such
a separation and is anxious to suffer
voluntary banishment if she could leave to go
with me.
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• These four little boys have no means of
  support, no house to shelter themselves and their
  poor mother has no dependence but that which is
  derived from common charity generally marred by
  the insults which the children of the convict
  must receive.

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• Prince of Pickpockets, George Barrington
• we ran through the Needlesit brought a fresh
  pang to the bosom of one who in all probability
  was bidding it adieu forever (1791).

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Love Tokens

• Mother Father. When this you see think of me
  till I get my liberty. William Bailey, 13

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• Convicts at Blackfriars Bridge
• Convicts embarking at Chatham provided a
  spectacle for wealthy visitors (Robert
  Cruikshank-Egan 1828)

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• John Stephen of the Sir George Seymour, 1845
• The sudden change from seclusion to the
  bustle and noise of crowded ship produced cases
  of convulsion, attended in some instances with
  nausea and vomiting, in others hysteria.

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Doctor William Bland (1789-1868)

• Convict doctor formerly transported for seven
  years for murder. Received a pardon and became
  first full-time private practitioner in New South
  Wales. Also a prominent figure in the early
  medical life of the colony.

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John Hampton, convict surgeon and later
Governor of Western Australia from 1862 to 1868
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• Prison ship probably a hulk
• Tolpuddle Martyrs
• George Loveless is the fourth one along

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• The Wild Goose A Collection of Ocean Waifs
  Christmas Number 1867.Mitchell Library, State
  Library of New South Wales

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• John Flood, 32, Fenian transported on the
  Hougoumont, 1867. Editor of the Wild Goose.
• Later became owner-editor of the Irish Citizen.

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Anatomical drawings of the effects of scurvy by
Dr.Mahon, surgeon superintendent on the Barrosa
1841/42

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• Surgical instrument case of Dr. Gillespie, naval
  surgeon

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Female Convicts Female emigration

• Popular image of women
• as drunken and abandoned prostitutes.

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• Point Puer, Van Diemans Land, 1846.

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• James Holmes aged 13 from Stepney
• Two of the boys took me to a house in
  Stepney, kept by a Jew and he agreed to board and
  house me for 2/6d a week provided I brought and
  sold to him all I might steal. He has about 13
  boys in the house on the same terms and there are
  four housebreakers living in the same house they
  are all grown men A coat is hung in the kitchen
  and boys practice how to pick the pockets.

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• I have to make a return to the Lieutenant
  Governor on our arrival at Van Diemens Land of
  the good and the bad boys so you know what you
  are all to expect, severe punishment awaits you
  that behave ill during the voyage and I shall be
  most rigid in any punishments on board likewise,
  Bread and Water, solitary confinement is my mode
  and the cat of Nine Tails.

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• Absolute Pardon sentence complete - free
• ?
• Conditional Pardon free person
• with some restrictions
• ?
• Ticket of Leave probationary period - must
  report to authorities
• ?
• Assignment unpaid labour for free settler.
• Re-offenders return to chain gang
• ?
• Arrival in Australia lives in barracks or
• female factory working for government

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Hyde Park Barracks

• c.1820 - home to convict men between 1819 and
  1848. It is now a museum.

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• Female Factory 1848 after it became
  theParramatta Lunatic Asylum. It was completely
  demolished in the early 1880s

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• Probation gang system
• Convict uniform worn as secondary punishment - a
  symbol of humiliation. Uniform and two caps
  18301849
• National Library of Australia

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• Convicts and Settlers Punch 1864. Now, Mr. Bull!
  Dont shoot any more of your rubbish here, or you
  and I shall quarrel.
• Petition of the colonists of New South Wales,
  1847
• The National Archives

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David Boyd
Truganini, last of the Tasmanians
Truganini, dreams of childhood
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• Ticket of Leave, 1794
• Granted after 4 years of a 7 year sentence