Energy for Life of Earth

1
Energy for Life of Earth
sunlight
stored chemical energy
usable chemical energy
The molecule that stores energy for plants is
_________________.
glucose
The molecule that provides usable energy to cells
is ____________.
ATP
2
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
auto self
hetero other
troph feeding
autotroph
1. An organism that makes its own food is an
________________________________.
heterotroph
2. An organism that consumes other organisms to
get food is a _______________________________.
3
Cells use ATP as their energy source.
ATP stands for __________________________
adenosine triphosphate
The 3 Parts of an ATP Molecule
adenine
ribose
3 phosphates
4
ATP is made by adding a phosphate to ADP.
ADP stands for _____________________________
adenosine diphosphate
ADP has _______ phosphate groups.
2
ATP has _______ phosphate groups.
3
5
ATP releases energy by breaking off a phosphate.
ADP
When ATP loses a phosphate, it becomes
___________.
6
ATP provides energy for many cellular processes
including
1. keeping the __________- ____________ pumps
working
sodium
potassium
2. moving ________________ through the cytoplasm
organelles
3. making _______________ and __________________
proteins
nucleic acids
Cells do not have much ATP. To make more, they
use the energy stored in ______________.
glucose
7
Early studies of photosynthesis included these 3
people.
glucose
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants
make _________________.
8
Helmont wanted to know what caused an increase in
mass as a plant grew.
He found that the increase in mass was due to
_____________, not soil.
water
9
Priestley wanted to know what caused substances
to burn and if plants made this substance.
He found that _____________ allows substances to
burn and plants do make it.
oxygen
10
Ingenhousz wanted to know if plants could make
oxygen in the dark.
He found that when no ____________ is present,
plants cannot make oxygen.
light
11
The experiments of Helmont, Priestley, and
Ingenhousz provided clues to part of the equation
for ___________________. Later, other scientists
discovered the rest.
photosynthesis
Equation for Photosynthesis
H2O
CO2
O2
C6H12O6
sunlight ____________ _____________
____________ ____________
(water)
(carbon dioxide)
(oxygen)
(glucose)
Chlorophyll
green
green
Chlorophyll is a _________________ pigment.
Chlorophyll reflects _________________ light.
photosynthesis
Chlorophyll absorbs most other colors. This
starts the process of ____________________________
.
12
Photosynthesis takes place inside plant
organelles called Chloroplasts. Here are the
parts of a chloroplast.
chloroplast
stroma
thylakoid
granum
thylakoid space
thylakoid membrane
chlorophyll
13
Steps of Photosynthesis
Light Absorption
1. _______________________________________________
__
Light Dependent Reactions
2. _______________________________________________
_________________________________
Calvin Cycle (Light Independent Reactions)
3. _______________________________________________
__________________________________
14
Photosynthesis Step 1 Light Absorption
To start the process of photosynthesis, light
must be absorbed by chlorophyll.
chlorophyll
B. _______________________
sunlight
A. ______________
thylakoid membrane
thylakoid space
15
Photosynthesis Step 2 Light Dependent Reactions
stroma
ATP
e-
NADPH
H2O
thylakoid space
1. When chlorophyll absorbs light, it loses
____________________________.
electrons
2. Chlorophyll gets its electrons back from the
splitting of ____________________.
water
3. The splitting of water produces the oxygen of
the ________ and ______ ions.
air
H
4. Electrons from chlorophyll go through the
______________________________.
electron transport chain
5. Electrons going through the chain help make
___________. H helps make _______.
NADPH
ATP
16
Photosynthesis Step 3 Light Independent
Reactions
CO2
NADPH
ATP
glucose
ATP
ATP
_____________________ _____________________ ______
_______________
1. The 3 things needed by the Calvin Cycle from
the Light Reactions
NADPH
H ions
RuBP
2. The Calvin Cycle starts with CO2 combining
with _____________________.
5
3
3
6
3. Each of these has this many carbon atoms RuBP
___, PGA ___, PGAL ___, glucose ___
17
Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis
Some of the factors that control how fast
photosynthesis occurs include
water

• amount of water photosynthesis slows down when
  _______ is scarce
• temperature photosynthesis occurs best between
  ______ and ______
• light intensity photosynthesis speeds up with
  more ___________

00C
350C
light
Summary of Photosynthesis