PROBLEM SPACE THEORY

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PROBLEM SPACE THEORY

• T?O??? ??? ?O??? ?????S?S ??? ??????????S
• Allan Newell Herb Simon 1950

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????? S?????

• St?at????? ep???s?? t?? p??ß??µat??.
• ????? ep???s?? t?? p??ß??µat??.
• - a????? ?at?stas?
• - te???? ?at?stas?
• - ??e? ?? e?d??µese? ?atast?se??
• ?? ?????p?? d?µ???????? a?t?st???e? ???t????
  ?atast?se?? st? µ?a?? t??? ??a ?a t? ??s???.

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???????S ????S??S??S

• ???t???? ?atast?se?? ???s?? st? µ?a?? t?? ??t?.
• ?????? ?at?stas? ?e???? ?at?stas? (goal).
• ??a??t?s? p??a??? ???? ?atast?se??.
• ?e?est?? µet?ßas??.
• St?at?????? µet?ßas?? st?? te???? ?at?stas?
  -(Heuristics).
• ??d??µese? ??se??.

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?? ???e? t? p??ß??µa d?s????.

• ? t??p?? p?? d??eta? st? ??t?.
• ? ?p??e?µe???? ???s? t?? ??t?.
• ?? µ??e??? t?? ????? ep???s??.
• ? µ???d?? p?? ???s?µ?p??e? ? ??t?? ??a ?a
  d?e?e???se? t? ???? ep???s??.
• ?? e?d??µese? ??se?? p?? ?a???????ta? ? ??? st?
  p??ß??µa.

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General Problem Solver Newell, Shaw, Simmon
1958,1960.

• ?p?????st??? µ??t??? ep???s?? p??ß??µ?t??
• ?? ?atast?se?? ???s?? ??at???ta? st? µ??µ?
  e??as?a?.
• ?? ep?d??se?? t?? te?est?? p??? st?? ?atast?se??
  ???se?? ??at???ta? st? µa???????? µ??µ?.

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???????µ?? St?at??????

• ?? a??????µ?? ????? ep?????? ??a p??ß??µa
  e?et????ta? µ?a µ?a ???S t?? p??a??? ?atast?se??
  e??? p??ß??µat?? µ???? t?? ep?te??? t?? st????.
• ?? st?at?????? ??? µp????? ?a e???????? t??
  ep???s? t?? p??ß??µat??, t? ?????? ?µ?? se
  µ????te?? ????? ?a? µe ????te?? ??p?.

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St?at??????

• St?? a??? ? ??t?? µa?a??e? ?e????? st?at??????
  a?e???t?te? ap? t? p??ß??µa (domain-independent
  srategies) ?.?. ap?f??? ß????? epa???????
• ?e a?t? t? ???s? µa?a??e? p?? ?a ??se? t?
  s???e???µ??? p??ß??µa. (domain-specific
  heuristics).

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?S????F?S??S

• ??? p??ß??µata e??a? ?s?µ??f??? ?ta? ?p???e?
  a?t?st????s? ??a-p???-??a µeta?? t?? ?????
  ep???s?? t??? ?a? t?? te?est?? t???.

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???????G????

• ?????? t?? ????
• ?e?at???a ?a? sfa??e?
• ?e?et? t?? tsa????

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???????S????

• Normative theory of problem solving
• S?st? ß??t?st? ??s?
• ?p????s? t?? a????p?? ap? a?t? ?a? ??at?
• ???s? st?at?????? ??a t?? ep?te??? t?? st????
  (Heuristics).
• ???s? ?s?µ??f?sµ?? µeta?? p??ß??µ?t??.
• ??ep?st?µ????? p??s????s? .

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?????????????

• ? T.?.?.? µa? de???e? p?? ?? ?????p??
  ???s?µ?p????ta? ap???? ?a???e? ft????? st? ??s?
  e??? p??ß??µat??
• ? T.?.?.? µa? de???e? t? e?d??? µ???s? s?µßa??e?
  ?at? t?? d?ad??as?a ep???s?? t?? p??ß??µat??
• ? T.?.?.? µa? de???e? p?? ? ?ata???s? t??
  p??ß??µat?? ep??e??e? t?? d?ad??as?a ep???s??
  t??.

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???????S???
?a????d?a
???ß?.?a??µe????t?ta?

• ??????-te???? ?at?stas?
• Well defined
• Domain independent Knowledge
• ?????? t?? ????
• ?????????? ??????t?ta

• ?saf?? a????? ?a? te???? ?at?stas?
• Ill defined
• Domain dependent Knowledge.
• ??e?d?? st? aµ???
• ???