Rome

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Rome

• Chapter 7
• World History and Geography
• Mr. Holguin

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Geography

• Italy is shaped like a boot.
• The Alps separate the country to the north
• The South juts out into the Mediterranean Sea.
• Good for trading, bad for defense

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Early Rome

• A combination of Latin, Etruscan, and Greek
  culture blended to form Rome.
• In 509 BC, Rome founded a Republic.
• The Republic consisted of a senate, emergency
  dictators, and magistrates.

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Roman Government

• Consul- chief executives who ran the gov. and
  military.
• Praetors- Oversaw the legal system in times of
  peace.
• Censors- registered citizens according to wealth
  and oversaw the moral conduct of Rome.

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Social Classes

• Patricians- Powerful land owners who were usually
  involved in the government.
• Plebeians- usually workers and farmers who did
  not share the same rights as Patricians.

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The Punic Wars

• 1st- 264BC Rome quickly built a navy to defeat
  Carthage, a rival city in N. Africa.
• 2nd 218 BC Hannibal led Carthage through the Alps
  with a massive army (including elephants)
• The Roman Scipio then attacked N. Africa for the
  victory.

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NEW ROMAN EMPIRE

• In 49 BC, Julius Caesar took over Rome by force
  and was declared dictator for life.
• He took control over Egypt and placed Cleopatra
  in power.
• Caesar increased the senate but reduced its
  power.

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Ides of March 44 BC

• Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus killed Caesar in
  the senate.
• Marc Antony and Octavian took Were now in Power.
• Antony combined forces (and kisses) with
  Cleopatra but were defeated by Octavian.

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Death of Caesar
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Pax Romana

• Octavian, renamed Augustus, began a 200 year
  period of peace known as the Pax Romana.
• Although peaceful, the period is also known for
  insane rulers. (Caligula, Nero)
• The period ended with the Five Good Emperors

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Roman Society

• The Roman infrastructure made trade stable and
  profitable.
• Laws were efficiently executed by the massive and
  well trained army
• Millions of slaves made up a large part of Rome.

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Those of us about to die.SALUTE YOU!

• The Coliseum housed gladiator games which were
  various forms of deadly combat.
• Soldiers, slaves, criminals, and animals from all
  over the empire would compete in the games.
• The Coliseum most likely hosted navy battles as
  well.

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Roman Culture

• Ptolemy- Earth centered universe
• Virgil- wrote The Aeneid
• The Romantic languages of Spanish, French, and
  Latin came from Roman roots.

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Jesus of Nazareth

• Jesus traveled across the empire teaching about
  love, God, and possibly performing miracles.
• He preached that everybody can feel the love of
  God and JC had many followers.

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The Death of Jesus

• The Romans feared JC would cause an uprising so
  he was captured and crucified.
• According to his followers, JC preached after his
  death and ascended into heaven, thus proving his
  title of Christ.

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Spread of Christianity

• At first, Christians were seen as enemies by the
  Roman empire.
• In 312 AD, Emperor Constantine converted to
  Christianity
• Soon, the entire empire was mostly Christian.

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The Empire Splits in Two

• The Empire became so large that it was split into
  an Western (Rome) and Eastern (Constantinople)
• When Constantine died in 337 AD, the Empire
  remained intact for only 50 more years.

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The Fall of Rome

• Political Weakness- Rome became too large to
  govern.
• Economy- Taxes rose and people earned less.
• Society- People lost faith in the Rome
• Invaders- Germanic invaders kept constant
  pressure on Romes borders.

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Did you study?

• 1. Name and describe the four reasons why the
  Roman Empire fell
• 2. Who is the emperor that converted the empire
  to Christianity?