Acids and Bases in the Home

1
Chapter 6.4

• Acids and Bases in the Home

2
SOAP

• Dissolves in both grease and water.
• Soaps are emulsifiers
• Emulsion is a mixture of things that normally
  dont mix.
• You need an emulsifer to help!

3
Soap

• The nonpolar side of a soap molecule is
  attached (attracted to) nonpolar grease and
  oil, the polar side hangs on to the water, and
  the dirt slips off your hands and is pulled down
  the drain, trapped, along with the water
  molecules, by that pesky soap molecule!

4
What you dont need to know about soap....

• Lots of detail in top paragraph on pg 208, about
  the chemical reaction involved in making soap.
  Dont worry about it.
• Just know that one end of the molecule is
  nonpolar and dissolves the grease or oil, and the
  other end is polar, and dissolves in water.

5
Detergents

• Soap doesnt work well in hard water
• Hard water water with lots of dissolved ions
  like Mg, Ca, and Fe
• Soap hard water soap SCUM!!!!

6
Soaps vs Detergent both have one polar and one
nonpolar end, but...

• (soap has COO- or carboxylate group)
• derived from animal fat

• detergent has SO3- group, known as sulfonate
  group
• derived from petroleum

7
Ammonia solution

• solution of ammonia gas, water, ammonium ions,
  hydroxide ions.
• hydroxide ions mix with grease
• forms an emulsion.
• NH3 H2O ? NH4 OH
• ?

8
Disinfectants kill bacteria.

• Bleach is a disinfectant.
• Bleach also removes color from clothing.
• http//www.clorox.com/science/rmp/how.html

9
Antacids

• weak bases to neutralize excess stomach acid.

10
Shampoos

• pH balanced
• usually between
• 5 and 8

11
Acids and Bases in the Kitchen

• Lemon juice keeps apples from oxidizing.
• Oxidation is what causes the apple to turn brown
  after you cut it (when it is exposed to oxygen in
  the air)

12
Making yogurt

• Remember when we added vinegar (acidic) to milk
  and it curdled?
• Similar process in making yogurt, when bacteria
  convert lactose (milk sugar) to lactic acid.