Foot and Mouth Disease

1
Foot and Mouth Disease
By the time FMD is controlled in 2001, 6,094,139
animals were slaughtered, and the disease cost
Great Britain an estimated 2.4-4.1bn (4.5-7.6
billion US dollars).
2
Mad Cow Disease

• Disease agent is a prion, or a protein bent out
  of shape
• Spread from feeding animals bone meal
• When found in US, many countries banned
  importation of US beef
• Human variant? Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

3
Organophosphate Poisoning

• Deans/ Meijer Recall- 2002
• Where Meijer StoresAll Illinois StoresAll
  Indiana stores  
• What The recall is due to possible contamination
  involving cows eating from a field sprayed with
  pesticides. Meijer, as a precaution to protect
  the public, is initiating its own recall.
• Who Customers are asked not to drink the milk
  and return it to store for full refund. 

4
Monkey Pox

• Gambian rats on same shipment as prairie dogs
• Rats gave Monkey pox to prairie dogs
• Prairie dogs gave Monkey pox to humans
• 37 confirmed cases nationwide, 7 in Indiana
• Cute little prairie dog Not so cute
  little lesion

5
Disease transmission

• Animal to Animal
• Aerosol
• Fecal/Oral
• Fomites
• Zoonotic
• Vectors

6
Animal to Animal

• Like humans, animals get diseases from each other
• Physical contact
• Sharing food/water sources
• Sharing medical equipment

7
Aerosol

• Pseudorabies virus can travel more than 2 mi.
  though air!
• Germs can float through air and can reach animals
  by
• Sick animals sneezing, coughing, breathing on
  other animals
• Ventilation systems

8
Fecal/Oral
Chi Chis contaminated green onions ring a bell?
510 confirmed cases and 3 deaths by November 6,
2003!!!
9
Fomites

• Inanimate objects on which diseases can live
• Example- Your animal has a cold and coughs on
  your pencil
• The germs from your animal are now on the pencil
• Do you still want to chew on your pencil?

10
Zoonotic

• Diseases that can be passed from animal to human
• Examples-
• Rabies
• Club lamb fungus
• Ringworm
• Monkey pox
• BSE????

11
Vectors

• Infected animal Vector
  Healthy animal

12
3 aspects of Animal Biosecurity

• Traffic Control
• Sanitation
• Isolation

13
Traffic Control

• Minimize who comes on and off farm
• Delivery trucks
• Milk haulers
• Wild animals
• OR who comes into contact with animals
• Neighbors
• Protective clothing

14
Sanitation

• Keep it clean!
• Animal stalls should be cleaned
• Vaccinate livestock
• Personal hygiene- washing hands!
• Avoid handling sick animals
• Wear protective clothing

15
Isolation

• This is the opposite of isolation!

16
Isolation

• Keep new or show animals
• In an area totally separate from other animals
• A month is best
• To make sure new/show animal is not carrying a
  disease

17
Why care about Animal Biosecurity?

• Impact on human health
• Impact on animal health
• Economics

18
Human Health

• Safe food supply needed for healthy population
• Food supply an easy target
• Not many people can produce own food if US food
  supply compromised

19
Animal Health

• Sick animalslow production
• Mass death

20
Economics

• No meat/milk/cheese/eggs to sell means no profits
• Illnessfear ex.- BSE and importation of beef
  stopped
• Who HAS safe food can charge a bundle for it-
  organic or grass fed beef can 6.00/lb