Matlin, Ch. 6

1
Matlin, Ch. 6
2
Mnemonics

• Imagery-based mnemonics demo experiment
• Keyword method step 1choose English word that
  sounds like foreign word, step 2get an image of
  both words interacting class exercise
• Method of loci link items with familiar
  locations mentally move past locations to
  retrieve associated items (In the first place)

3
Mnemonics

• Organizationgrouping, hierarchy (e.g., tree
  diagram), outline ( keywords in outline)
• First-letter techniquelist first letters of
  terms make up easily-remembered sentence with
  words starting with those first letters
• Narrative techniquemake up story linking items
  story needs to be easily remembered and
  well-structured

4
Mnemonics

• Spellingintentionally mispronounce to make
  spelling more obvious
• Namesask person to repeat notice distinctive
  feature associate with sound/meaning of name
  imagery of name
• Where left objectswhen put object down, get
  image of it interacting with something there

5
Mnemonics

• Prospective memoryassociate item/action with
  something that will be present/will occur at
  later time
• Numberssubstitute consonants for numbers add
  vowels as necessary to make words/sentences

6
Comprehensive approach

• Be in good physical conditionhealth, sleep
• Psychological well-beinggood attitude, deal with
  stress depression-cues
• Have variety of strategies and use them flexibly
  appropriately
• If a strategy isnt working, be willing to try
  something else
• Be willing to work at strategies

7
Prospective memory

• Two parts remembering that there was something
  you were going to do, and remembering what that
  was
• Much absentmindedness is due to ongoing tasks
  that require attention
• What techniques do you use to help prospective
  memory?
• External aids often effective

8
Metacognition

• Metamemorygenerally accurate
• Metacomprehensionpoor
• Thus, predicting test grade after taking test may
  depend on how much test measured comprehension
  and not just memory
• Knowledge about effectiveness of memory
  strategies can be poor even in college students

9
Metacognition

• Common metamemory error preferring to continue
  studying what already know well, avoiding what
  dont understand but some are good at choosing
  what to focus on based on amount of time for
  study

10
Tip-of-the-Tongue

• Know you know it but cant immediately retrieve
  it
• Do retrieve it about half the time, usually
  within 2 minutes
• Can remember some aspects of info (sound,
  grammatical class, etc.)

11
Metacomprehension

• Often inaccurate
• One tendency is to confuse familiarity with
  comprehension
• Pressley Ghatala study similar confidence
  levels for questions that were answered correctly
  AND incorrectly on multiple choice test