Matlin, Chapter 1

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Matlin, Chapter 1
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History

• Aristotlelaws for learning, memory, mental
  imagery emphasis on empirical evidence
• Wundtintrospection, elements of consciousness
  drawbackssubjectivity, little progress using
  such methods

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History

• Ebbinghausnonsense syllables
• Calkinsrecency effect
• William Jamesemphasis on everyday psychology
• BehaviorismWatson, Skinner observable behavior,
  simple organisms, high experimental control

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History

• Limitations of behaviorism not capable of
  explaining complex human behaviors, little
  ecological validity
• Gestaltwhole is more than sum of parts tendency
  to perceive information in organized way

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Modern Cognitive Psychology

• 1950sgrowing dissatisfaction with behaviorism
  computers, psycholinguistics
• Information processing modelbased on serial
  architecture computer (one step at a time)
  metaphor for how humans process info

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Current Issues in Cognitive Psychology

• Cognitive neurosciencewhat parts of brain are
  active during various cognitive processes? How
  can this info guide cognitive models?
• PET Scanshow they work weak temporal resolution
  (30 sec.)

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Current Issues in Cognitive Psychology

• fMRI scansgood temporal resolution (1/2 sec.),
  less invasive
• Single-cell recordinganimals only
• ERP (event related potential)uses scalp
  electrodes very good temporal resolution

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Artificial Intelligence

• Pure AIgoal is programs that work, even if not
  the way humans do it
• Computer simulationgoal is replicating human way
  of solving problem
• PDPparallel distributed processing not
  dependent on serial processing, but parallel
  processes happen simultaneously

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Red Riding Hood Network

• Big Ears
• Big Eyes
• Big Teeth
• Kindly
• Wrinkled
• Handsome

Run Away
Wolf
Scream
Look for Woodcutter
Grandma
Kiss on Cheek
Woodcutter
Approach
Offer Food To
Flirt With
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Artificial Intelligence

• Properties of neural networks overall pattern
  of activation is what matters activation
  patterns can learn can handle incomplete info
  and still function

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Themes of book

• Cognitive processes active, not passive
• CP usually efficient accurate
• Positive info easier than negative info
• CP interrelated
• Both bottom-up top-down processing usually used