Biology

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Biology
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• What is Biology?

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• Biology is the study of life. Biology is a
  science, and follows the same principles and
  methods of other sciences.

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Biology

• Biology, from the level of the molecule to the
  level of the biosphere is connected to our daily
  life.
• The study of Biology offers us a more profound
  understanding of ourselves and the planet, inturn
  it gives us a greater appreciation and value of
  life and our planet.

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• What is Life?

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• Life is the combination of physical and
  chemical processes that exist within an organism.
• Eg. A Dog that breathes and one that doesnt.
• Life is difficult to define but defining it helps
  us to differentiate between what is alive and
  what is not.

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Complex, organized structure consisting of
  organic molecules
• Response to stimuli
• Active maintenance of complex structure and
  internal environment (homeostasis)
• Metabolism
• Conversion of one form of energy to another
• Growth
• Reproduction using DNA keeping patterns
• Have the capacity to evolve

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Living things have a metabolism, produce energy,
  respond to stimuli, adapt to environment, and
  maintain Homeostasis.
• Homeostasis is the equilibrium of the internal
  environment of the organism with the external
  environment.
• Eg. temperature in reptiles, hormones. The
  liberation of glucose by the liver to maintain
  the level of sugar in the blood.

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Excercise

• Is a computer virus a synthetic living being?
  Why?
• Join in teams of three students to answer in a
  sheet of paper (include ID numbers)
• Is the Doomsday machine a synthetic living
  being? Why?
• Join in teams of three students to answer in the
  sheet of paper (include ID numbers)
• What would be a synthetic living being? Why?
• Join in teams of three students to answer in a
  sheet of paper (include ID numbers)

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Branches of Biology

• Zoology
• Botany
• Genetics
• Ecology
• Microbiology
• Paleontology
• Entomology

• Physiology
• Embryology
• Anatomy
• Bio-statistics
• Cytology
• Histology

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Zoology

• The study of Animals
• Food crisis, Evolution, Disease

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Botany

• Study of Plants
• Agriculture, Genetics, Food crisis

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Genetics

• The study of heredity in organisms.
• Disease, Psychology, Evolution, Transgenic
  organisms.

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Ecology

• The study of the relation between living things
  and their environment.
• Environmental Damage assessment, Cause and Effect
  relationships

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Micology

• The study of Fungus
• Brain Function, Historical Diets, Medical/Health
  Benefits

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Paleontology

• Study of Fossils
• Evolution, History, Climate Change

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Physiology

• The study of the systems in a living thing and
  the relation between systems.
• Disease, Treatment (Medicines), Athletics,
  Extreme sports

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Embryology

• The study of organisms in the womb, or the study
  of embryos.
• Disease, Disfigurement, Maximizing the health of
  the child

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Anatomy

• The study of structure
• Prosthetics, Reconstructive Surgery, Aesthetic
  Surgery, Evolutionary Patterns

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Citology

• The study of cells.
• Drug Uptake, Disease (Cancer etc.), Evolution,
  Cell Recognition

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Histology

• The study of tissue
• Disease, Differentiation, Cell recognition,
  cancer identification.

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Revolutions in Biology

• During a good deal of time Biology has been
  stagnant, however the 19th and 20th centuries
  were important for the revolution of science
  during this time these important discovers about
  the history of biology were made.
• DNA DISCOVERY
• Genetic Manipulation
• Human Genome
• Cloning, Test Tube Baby

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Revolution in Biology

• Nutrition control of pests
• Identification of 2 million living things
• Origin of life
• Classification of diverse forms of life
• New pathogens such as HIV
• More efficient and complicated microscopes

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Revolution in Biology

• Advances in the field of Medicine
• Vaccines
• Antibiotics
• New illnesses and cures for others.

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Areas of Application

• Medicine antibiotics, new medicines
• Food Sciences new foods for animals
• Agriculture - Pesticides (insecticides,
  herbicides and biological control agents).
• Environment contamination of air, water y soil.
  Recycling.
• Investigation - genetics, botany, zoology, etc.
• Food Science More resilient seeds.