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Water Science

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Development of new technologies to bring potable water to people in settlements ... harvests, rainy seasons, summertime vacations, ski and other sports seasons, and ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Water Science


1
Water Science
  • Understand the Hydrologic Cycle
  • (global, regional and local)
  • Understand the Climate system
  • Understand their components
  • Society as a component
  • (Don Wilhites Hydo-illogical cycle)

2
http//ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html
3
Bow River Basin Waterscape Climate change
http//geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/h2o/bow/images/climate
l_e.jpg
4
Water Science involves (my view)
  • Understanding the global Climate System
  • Understanding the Global Hydrological cycle
  • Development of new technologies to bring
    potable water to people in settlements
  • Understanding their components and interactions
  • Society is a component of these cycles

5
What societies do to get water
  • Store water
  • Clean water
  • Conserve water
  • Negotiate, compromise
  • Move water to people
  • Move people to water
  • Trade-offs

6
Hurricane in the USA
7
Information needs monitoring goals
Emerging issues outcome of decisions
Environmental decisions
Understanding water resources
Public information
Stakeholders Gatekeepers
8
Start here
9
Climate change impacts on water
  • how will global warming affect precipitation,
    surface and ground water resources?
  • The hydrologic cycle is expected to intensify,
    meaning more precipitation
  • Where, when in the year and
  • how it will occur is a major concern

10
Seasonality Where Science meets Society
  • Michael Glantz
  • CCB, NCAR
  • December 4, 2006

11
  • It is difficult to find any aspect of rural life
    in the tropical third world which is not touched
    by seasonality
  • Does seasonality make some people poor and keep
    them poor?
  • (Chambers, 1981, p.xvi p. 2, respectively)

12
Examples of seasonality
13
Seasonality different definitions
  • The changing availability of resources according
    to the different seasons of the year
  • Periodic fluctuations in the climate related to
    seasons of the year e.g. wet winters, drier
    summers
  • Many time series display seasonality. By
    seasonality, we mean periodic fluctuations.
  • Seasons are defined differently in different
    environments and by different societies.
  • Of or dependent on a particular season
  • Cyclicality in a business or the economy from one
    season to the next.
  • Changes in business, employment or buying
    patterns which occur predictably at given times
    of the year.

14
Why focus on Seasonality?
  • Most people, socio-economic sectors and societies
    are more dependent on the expected flow of the
    seasons than they realize
  • For a couple of billion people it is a life-death
    concern
  • For many others it may be a health or an economic
    concern

15
(No Transcript)
16
Seasonality and water climate
  • Various parts of the globe are affected by
    seasonal hazards
  • Droughts
  • Floods
  • Fires
  • Tropical storms
  • Water-borne diseases
  • Growing seasons, harvests, rainy seasons,
    summertime vacations, ski and other sports
    seasons, and the like

17
Seasonality science
  • Each location on the globe has a marked
    seasonality
  • Human activities are attuned to that flow of the
    seasons
  • More accurately, theyre attuned to the expected
    flow of the seasons hot, cold wet, dry calm,
    stormy, etc.
  • Anything that disrupts that flow, disrupts human
    activities.

18
Aspects of seasonality
  • Precipitation (Amount, timing, distribution)
  • Temperature
  • Solar radiation
  • Cloudiness
  • Relative humidity
  • Wind speed and direction
  • Normal length flow of the seasons
  • 1816 the year without a summer

19
Seasonality and extreme events
  • There are seasons for various kinds of climate-
    and weather-related events
  • A hurricane, typhoon, cyclone season
  • Fire season
  • Growing season (planting, harvest)
  • Hot, cold wet, dry seasons
  • Rainy season
  • Hunger season
  • Snowmelt season
  • Etc.

20
People and the seasons
  • People, societies, and economies are attuned to
    the normal (expected, not actual) flow of the
    seasons
  • Most people on the globe depend on the normal
    flow of the seasons for their food supply
  • Industrialized countries have to rebuild and
    compensate for superstorm damages poorer
    countries are forced to live with the damage and
    for the most part, cope on their own

21
High impact events are a worldwide problem
  • Every part of the globe is affected by.
  • a high impact weather event
  • a climate anomaly
  • Death, destruction and misery from either
  • Frequencies and impacts vary
  • location to location
  • For same type event at different times
  • Impacts are regional/local
  • Second-order effects are national

22
International Red Cross predicts more global
'Super Disasters'
  • Disaster Losses on the Rise -- May 21, 1999
  • New Studies Indicate Earth's Future is Looking
    Hotter, Less Stable -- March 3, 1999
  • Intensity of Hurricane Seasons Expected to Worsen
    in Coming Years -- August 10, 1998

23
Seasonal impacts
  • Latitude specific
  • Locale specific
  • Human activity specific
  • Ecological process specific
  • Vector borne diseases
  • Floods, droughts, fires, epidemics
  • Hunger season
  • Rangelands productivity
  • Tourism

24
Things people do to override the influences of
the natural flow of the seasons
  • Irrigation
  • Deep tube wells
  • Refrigeration, heating
  • Air conditioning
  • Greenhouses
  • Trade (Export import agricultural produce)
  • Feeding pens for livestock pastoralism
  • Voluntary migration

25
Law Policy
  • Restriction on burning wood in winter
  • Restrictions on fishing certain species
  • Restrictions on water withdrawals for irrigation
    purposes
  • Seasonal water use restrictions
  • Restrictions on hunting season
  • Movement Restriction across political borders

26
Seasonality and Politics
  • E.g., transboundary water issues
  • Conflict between Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan
  • Kyrgyzstan wants to release water downstream in
    the winter to generate heat
  • Uzbekistan wants the water released in the spring
    and summer for use in irrigation
  • Conflict between Spain and Portugal
  • Arid Spain built reservoirs on rivers flowing to
    the sea across Portugal
  • Downstream Portuguese farmers received streamflow
    only after Spanish reservoirs released it,
    altering by some weeks the farming practices in
    Portugal

27
Seasonal economics(weblines from various sources
on Google)
  • Seasonality has been a major research area in
    economics for several decades
  • seasonality factors are always something we have
    to take into account
  • economic shocks for peasants in 1983 were
    seasonal climatic shocks
  • The nature of seasonality in Spanish tourism time
    series
  • Coping with Seasonality and Drought will interest
    both students and professionals in anthropology,
    development economics, gender studies, social and
    economic change.
  • Prevalence, seasonality and economic importance
    of disease conditions in Nigeria cattle
    population
  • Seasonality of Asthma at Local Hospitals
  • Conference on Seasonality in Economic and
    Financial Variables
  • Improved Seasonality of Flows through Irrigation
    Demand Management and System Harmonisation
  • seasonality as an essential concept in planning,
    implementing, monitoring and evaluating
    land-based rural development programmes
  • SEASONALITY IN INDUSTRIAL COMMODITIES

28
Seasonal ethics equity
  • The hunger season
  • Seasonal health problems
  • malaria
  • dengue
  • cholera outbreaks
  • Upstream vs downstream water needs
  • Commodification of water
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