Title: Water Science
1Water Science
- Understand the Hydrologic Cycle
- (global, regional and local)
- Understand the Climate system
- Understand their components
- Society as a component
- (Don Wilhites Hydo-illogical cycle)
-
2http//ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html
3Bow River Basin Waterscape Climate change
http//geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/h2o/bow/images/climate
l_e.jpg
4Water Science involves (my view)
- Understanding the global Climate System
- Understanding the Global Hydrological cycle
- Development of new technologies to bring
potable water to people in settlements - Understanding their components and interactions
- Society is a component of these cycles
-
5What societies do to get water
- Store water
- Clean water
- Conserve water
- Negotiate, compromise
- Move water to people
- Move people to water
- Trade-offs
6Hurricane in the USA
7Information needs monitoring goals
Emerging issues outcome of decisions
Environmental decisions
Understanding water resources
Public information
Stakeholders Gatekeepers
8Start here
9Climate change impacts on water
- how will global warming affect precipitation,
surface and ground water resources? - The hydrologic cycle is expected to intensify,
meaning more precipitation - Where, when in the year and
- how it will occur is a major concern
10Seasonality Where Science meets Society
- Michael Glantz
- CCB, NCAR
- December 4, 2006
11- It is difficult to find any aspect of rural life
in the tropical third world which is not touched
by seasonality - Does seasonality make some people poor and keep
them poor? - (Chambers, 1981, p.xvi p. 2, respectively)
12Examples of seasonality
13Seasonality different definitions
- The changing availability of resources according
to the different seasons of the year - Periodic fluctuations in the climate related to
seasons of the year e.g. wet winters, drier
summers - Many time series display seasonality. By
seasonality, we mean periodic fluctuations. - Seasons are defined differently in different
environments and by different societies. - Of or dependent on a particular season
- Cyclicality in a business or the economy from one
season to the next. - Changes in business, employment or buying
patterns which occur predictably at given times
of the year.
14Why focus on Seasonality?
- Most people, socio-economic sectors and societies
are more dependent on the expected flow of the
seasons than they realize - For a couple of billion people it is a life-death
concern - For many others it may be a health or an economic
concern
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16Seasonality and water climate
- Various parts of the globe are affected by
seasonal hazards - Droughts
- Floods
- Fires
- Tropical storms
- Water-borne diseases
- Growing seasons, harvests, rainy seasons,
summertime vacations, ski and other sports
seasons, and the like
17Seasonality science
- Each location on the globe has a marked
seasonality - Human activities are attuned to that flow of the
seasons - More accurately, theyre attuned to the expected
flow of the seasons hot, cold wet, dry calm,
stormy, etc. - Anything that disrupts that flow, disrupts human
activities.
18Aspects of seasonality
- Precipitation (Amount, timing, distribution)
- Temperature
- Solar radiation
- Cloudiness
- Relative humidity
- Wind speed and direction
- Normal length flow of the seasons
- 1816 the year without a summer
19Seasonality and extreme events
- There are seasons for various kinds of climate-
and weather-related events - A hurricane, typhoon, cyclone season
- Fire season
- Growing season (planting, harvest)
- Hot, cold wet, dry seasons
- Rainy season
- Hunger season
- Snowmelt season
- Etc.
20People and the seasons
- People, societies, and economies are attuned to
the normal (expected, not actual) flow of the
seasons - Most people on the globe depend on the normal
flow of the seasons for their food supply - Industrialized countries have to rebuild and
compensate for superstorm damages poorer
countries are forced to live with the damage and
for the most part, cope on their own
21High impact events are a worldwide problem
- Every part of the globe is affected by.
- a high impact weather event
- a climate anomaly
- Death, destruction and misery from either
- Frequencies and impacts vary
- location to location
- For same type event at different times
- Impacts are regional/local
- Second-order effects are national
22International Red Cross predicts more global
'Super Disasters'
- Disaster Losses on the Rise -- May 21, 1999
- New Studies Indicate Earth's Future is Looking
Hotter, Less Stable -- March 3, 1999 - Intensity of Hurricane Seasons Expected to Worsen
in Coming Years -- August 10, 1998
23Seasonal impacts
- Latitude specific
- Locale specific
- Human activity specific
- Ecological process specific
- Vector borne diseases
- Floods, droughts, fires, epidemics
- Hunger season
- Rangelands productivity
- Tourism
24Things people do to override the influences of
the natural flow of the seasons
- Irrigation
- Deep tube wells
- Refrigeration, heating
- Air conditioning
- Greenhouses
- Trade (Export import agricultural produce)
- Feeding pens for livestock pastoralism
- Voluntary migration
25Law Policy
- Restriction on burning wood in winter
- Restrictions on fishing certain species
- Restrictions on water withdrawals for irrigation
purposes - Seasonal water use restrictions
- Restrictions on hunting season
- Movement Restriction across political borders
26Seasonality and Politics
- E.g., transboundary water issues
- Conflict between Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan
- Kyrgyzstan wants to release water downstream in
the winter to generate heat - Uzbekistan wants the water released in the spring
and summer for use in irrigation - Conflict between Spain and Portugal
- Arid Spain built reservoirs on rivers flowing to
the sea across Portugal - Downstream Portuguese farmers received streamflow
only after Spanish reservoirs released it,
altering by some weeks the farming practices in
Portugal
27Seasonal economics(weblines from various sources
on Google)
- Seasonality has been a major research area in
economics for several decades - seasonality factors are always something we have
to take into account - economic shocks for peasants in 1983 were
seasonal climatic shocks - The nature of seasonality in Spanish tourism time
series - Coping with Seasonality and Drought will interest
both students and professionals in anthropology,
development economics, gender studies, social and
economic change. - Prevalence, seasonality and economic importance
of disease conditions in Nigeria cattle
population - Seasonality of Asthma at Local Hospitals
- Conference on Seasonality in Economic and
Financial Variables - Improved Seasonality of Flows through Irrigation
Demand Management and System Harmonisation - seasonality as an essential concept in planning,
implementing, monitoring and evaluating
land-based rural development programmes - SEASONALITY IN INDUSTRIAL COMMODITIES
28Seasonal ethics equity
- The hunger season
- Seasonal health problems
- malaria
- dengue
- cholera outbreaks
- Upstream vs downstream water needs
- Commodification of water