AGGETTIVI

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(No Transcript)
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AGGETTIVI
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An adjective is a word that is used to modify,
supplement, add to, or restrict the meaning of a
noun or pronoun.An adjective typically occurs
after nouns in a noun phrase or in the predicate
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una bella ragazza francese entrò nella
stanza.(The beautiful young French girl entered
into the room.)Lui era felice.(He was happy.)
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Italian adjectives agree in gender and number
with the nouns they modify
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adjectives-genderRegular adjectives with
separate masculine and feminine forms end in -o
(m.) and -a (f.) in the singular, -i (m.) and -e
(f.) in the plural masculine feminineSingular
contento contentaPlural contenti contenteRegular
adjectives with identical masculine and feminine
forms have a singular ending -e and a plural
ending -i.
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masculine feminineSingular triste tristePlural t
risti tristiL'uomo è contento. (The man is
happy.)Marzia è bella. (Marzia is beautiful.)I
miei denti sono bianchi. (My teeth are white.)Le
ragazze sono tristi. (The girls are sad.)Ho un
vestito verde. (I have a green dress.)Ci sono
delle tartarughe verdi. (There are some green
turtles.)
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Certain adjectives change their spelling in the
plural. These changes follow the same pattern
nouns do. Other changes depend on where the
stress falls in the word.Stress on syllable
preceding -coco to chi ricco ricchi (rich)
m.ca to che ricca ricche (rich) f.
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stress on second syllable preceding -coco to
chi stanco stanchi (tired) m.ca to
che antipatica antipatiche (disagreeable) f.go
to ghi lungo lunghi (long) m.ga to
ghe lunga lunghe (long) f.
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The -i is not stressedio to i vecchio vecchi (o
ld) m.ia to ie vecchia vecchie (old) f.
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The -i is stressedio to ii restio restii (reluct
ant) m.ia to ie restia restie (reluctant)
f.cio to ci riccio ricci (curly)m.cia to
ce riccia ricce (curly)f.gio to
gi greggio greggi (rough) m.gia to
ge greggia gregge (rough)f.
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Adjectives of color that were originally nouns
(blu, rosa, marrone, viola, arancione) are
invariable that is, they do not change form
depending on number and gender.dei i fiori
rosa (some pink flowers)i vestiti marrone (the
brown clothes)scarpe nere e guanti viola (black
shoes and purple gloves)
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Regular adjectives with separate masculine and
feminine forms end in -o (m.) and -a (f.) in the
singular, -i (m.) and -e (f.) in the plural
masculine feminineSingular contento contentaPl
ural contenti contente
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Regular adjectives with identical masculine and
feminine forms have a singular ending -e and a
plural ending -i.masculine feminineSingular tr
iste tristePlural tristi tristiL'uomo è
contento. (The man is happy.)Marzia è
bella. (Marzia is beautiful.)I miei denti sono
bianchi. (My teeth are white.)Le ragazze sono
tristi. (The girls are sad.)Ho un vestito
verde. (I have a green dress.)Ci sono delle
tartarughe verdi. (There are some green turtles.)
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Certain adjectives change their spelling in the
plural. These changes follow the same pattern
nouns do. Other changes depend on where the
stress falls in the word.Stress on syllable
preceding -coco to chi ricco ricchi (rich)
m.ca to che ricca ricche (rich) f.
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Stress on second syllable preceding -coco to
chi stanco stanchi (tired) m.ca to
che antipatica antipatiche (disagreeable) f.go
to ghi lungo lunghi (long) m.ga to
ghe lunga lunghe (long) f.
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The -i is not stressedio to
i vecchio vecchi (old) m.ia to
ie vecchia vecchie (old) f.
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The -i is stressedio to ii restio restii (relu
ctant) m.ia to ie restia restie (reluctant)
f.cio to ci riccio ricci (curly)m.cia to
ce riccia ricce (curly)f.gio to
gi greggio greggi (rough) m.gia to
ge greggia gregge (rough)f.
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Adjectives of color that were originally nouns
(blu, rosa, marrone, viola, arancione) are
invariable that is, they do not change form
depending on number and gender.dei i fiori
rosa (some pink flowers)i vestiti marrone (the
brown clothes)scarpe nere e guanti viola (black
shoes and purple gloves)
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Possessive adjectives (aggettivi possessivi) are
usually compound forms which include a definite
article that cannot be translated into English.
The same forms are used for both possessive
adjecitves and possessive pronouns.
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The forms of the possessive adjectives and
pronouns aremasculine femininesingular plural
singular pluralil mio i miei la mia le mie (my,
mine)il tuo i tuoi la tua le tue (your, yours
(familiar))il suo i suoi la sua le sue (his,
her, hers, your, yours (polite))il nostro i
nostri la nostra le nostre (our, ours)il
vostro i vostri la vostra le vostre (your,
yours(familiar))il loro i loro la loro le
loro (their, theirs/your, yours (polite))
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It is important to note that possessives agree in
gender and number with the object possessed,
rather than with the possessori miei amici (my
friends)la mia università (my university)i
nostri cani (our dogs)Italo e la sua pipa (Italo
and his pipe)
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Possessive pronouns are identical in form to
possessive adjectives the difference is in
meaning. Where the possessive adjective il mio
means my for example, the possessive pronoun il
mio means mine le tue scarpe e le mie (your
shoes and mine)
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If clarification is necessary possession may be
expressed by means of di with a disjunctive
pronoun Francesa e il suo amico l'amico di
lei(Francesca and her friend) (her friend)la
sua valigia la valigia di lui(his or her
suitcase) (his suitcase)
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Another possessive adjective is proprio (ones
own). It must be used in impersonal expressions
instead of the usual possesive forms in the third
person. It can also be used to reinforce any
possessive. Bisogna portare le proprie
valige.(One must carry one's own
luggage.)Bisogna riconoscere i propri
errori.(One must recognize one's mistakes.)
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Maurizio porta la propria valigia.(Maurice
carries his own suitcase.)Proprio may replace
suo or loro when the possessor is the subject of
the sentence, or when the subject is
indefinite.Ognuno ama la propria
patria.(Everyone loves his own country.)Si deve
fare il proprio dovere.(One has to do his duty.)
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In some idiomatic expressions the possessive
adjective is used without the definite article
and is frequently placed afer the noun.a casa
mia (at my house)cara mia (my dear)a suo
vantaggio (to his advantage)tesoro mio (my
darling)sono affari suoi (it's his
business)mamma mia! (heavens!)E' colpa tua. (It
is your fault.)
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When referring to articles of clothing and parts
of the body, the definite article is regularly
used instead of the possessive adjectiveSi
mette le scarpe.(She puts on her shoes.)Porta i
guanti e il capello.(He wears his gloves and his
hat.)
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The definite article is NOT used before nouns
denoting family relationships if they are used in
the singular and are not modified by an adjective
or suffix. Il loro is an exception.It always
requires an article.mio fratello i miei
fratelli (my brother my brothers)tuo zio i tuoi
zii (your uncle your uncles)sua sorella le sue
sorelle (her sister her sisters)nostra madre le
nostre madri (our mother our mothers)vostro
padre i vostri padri (your father your
fathers)il loro cugino i loro cugini (their
cousin their cousins)
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Note that papà (babbo in Tuscany), mamma, nonno,
and nonna retain the articleIl mio papà
lavora a casa.(My father works at home.)La tua
mamma è molto bella.(Your mother is very
beautiful.)
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An adjective (or a past participle used as an
adjective) agrees in number and gender with the
noun it modifies, either as a direct modifier or
as a predicate adjective. An adjective that
modifies two or more nouns of a different gender
must be used in the masculine plural form.il
libro nuovo (the new book)la penna vecchia (the
old pen)il ragazzo intelligente (the intelligent
boy)la ragazza intelligente (the intelligent
girl)la ragazza e il ragazzo sono
intelligenti (the boy and the girl are
intelligent)il libro e la penna sono nuovi (the
book and the pen are new)la porta grande (the
big door)la finestra è aperta (the window is
open)la porta e la finestra sono aperte (the
door and the window are open)
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If the adjective precedes two nouns, it agrees
with the closest one rosse camicie e
vestiti (red shirts and dresses)