1. Images of Men in Advertising

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1. Images of Men in Advertising
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• As images of women become thinner and more
  waifish
• images of men becoming bigger, stronger, more
  muscular

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• Print ads for male magazines increasingly
  emphasize male appearance and mens bodies
• Increasingly feature toned and muscular men

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• Increase in ads for appearance-enhancing products
  for men
• Cosmetic companies now offer special lines
  designed for men
• Not labeled cosmetics
• Given masculine labels
• Grooming gear
• skin supplies

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• Ads with attractive models dont have same impact
  on young boys as on girls
• Boys see fewer appearance-related ads targeted
  towards them
• Yet boys suffer body image problems
• Increasingly feel pressure to look bulked up
  and muscular

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• May see significant problem as more ads focus on
  mens appearance and more grooming products
  marketed towards them

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2. Weight Discrimination

• The last socially acceptable prejudice

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Physical attractiveness matters in the workplace

• Directly affects
• Job recommendations
• Evaluations of resumes
• Recommended starting salaries
• Promotional decisions
• income

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Impact of weight on income

• Overweight men pay salary penalty
• 1,000 per year per pound overweight
• Upper-level managers 20 overweight earn
  4,000/yr. less
• Overweight people
• earn salaries 10 to 20 lower than thinner
  colleagues
• less likely to receive promotions

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Impact greater on women

• Men generally judged against a medical standard
• i.e., table of desirable weights and heights
  published by Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.
• Female executives judged by more aesthetic
  standard
• size-eight straitjacket
• Heavy women earn 12 less than thinner peers
• Heavy men earn 5 less than thinner peers

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• 16 of employers admitted they wouldnt hire
  obese women under any conditions
• According to NIH, 55 of Americans are obese
• 44 of employers would only hire under certain
  circumstances
• On average, overweight women earn 6,710 less
  than thin women

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Legal protection

• No legal protection for appearance
  discrimination
• Four jurisdictions prohibit weight
  discrimination
• State of Michigan
• Washington, D.C.
• Santa Cruz, CA
• San Francisco, CA
• Otherwise weight discrimination not illegal
  unless plaintiff is sufficiently overweight to be
  considered disabled
• Americans with Disabilities Act applies