Joakim Franzon

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Presentation
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Joakim Franzon SP Electronics Electrical
safety www.sp.se
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LVD issues compared to other directives

• Normally an appliance is covered by more than
  one directive!
• Which directive is valid, is all directives
  valid?
• How to determine which directive that is
  applicable?
• Can the manufacturer or the person responsible
  for the product choose directive?
• LVD Machinery Directive

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Risk assessment

• To determine if the specific product can be
  excluded from the scoop of for example the
  Machinery directive and only be considered to be
  in the scoop of LVD, the manufacturer has to
  perform a risk assessment of that product.
  Standard EN 1050 (Safety of Machinery
  Principles for risk assessment) gives the
  principles for risk assessment.

LVD
Product
Risk assessment
Machinery Directive
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Risk assessment
MDThe manufacturer shall perform a risk analysis
in order to eliminate any risk or hazard
throughout the foreseeable lifetime of the
machinery. LVDNo specific requirement regarding
risk analysis stated in the LVD directive. The
risk analysis has been made when developing the
harmonised standard. Electrical risks/
hazards-Electric chock-Fire due to electrical
installation/ dimensioning/ design-Electrical
current-Energy related hazards-Heating
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The term machinery means

• an assembly of linked parts orcomponents, at
  least one of whichmoves, with the appropriate
  actuators,control and power circuits, etc.,
  joinedtogether for a specific application,
  inparticular for the processing,
  treatment,moving or packaging of a material

• an assembly of machines which, in order to
  achieve the same end, are arranged and controlled
  so that they function as an integral whole

• interchangeable equipment modifying the function
  of a machine, which is placed on the market for
  the purpose of being assembled with a machine or
  a series of different machines or with a tractor
  by the operator himself in so far as this
  equipment is not a spare part or a tool

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LVD Machinery Directive
Example 1 Commercial electrical boiling pan
As investigated (risk assessment according to
98/37/EEC) by the technical committee CENELEC TC
61, it is shown that risks with products as
commercial electrical boiling pans having
mechanical moving parts is mainly of electrical
origin and therefore the Machinery directive is
not valid. When testing according to a harmonised
standard to The Low Voltage Directive, relevant
essential safety requirements of Machinery
Directive is covered.
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LVD Machinery Directive
Example 1 Commercial electrical boiling pan
Although when comparing the machinery directive
with the standard EN 60 335-2-47, which is an
harmonised standard according to LVD, this
standard does NOT deal with risks as malfunction
in logical circuits and risk for crushing hands
and other parts of the body. Those risks are
covered by the Machinery Directive.
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LVD Machinery Directive

• Extract from guidelines on the application of
• Directive 73/23/EEC (Low Voltage Directive)

Where, for machinery, the risks are mainly of
electrical origin, such machinery shall be
covered exclusively by Council Directive
73/23/EEC of 19 February 1973 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States
relating to electrical equipment designed for use
within certain voltage limits.
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LVD Machinery Directive

• Conclusion
• The hazards has to be determined. If the hazards
  is mainly of electrical origin the LVD shall be
  used. If the hazards is mainly of mechanical
  origin the Machinery Directive shall be used.
• The manufacturer performs the risk assessment.
• The manufacturer does not chooses which directive
  to use, it depends on the result of the risk
  assessment.

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LVD Machinery Directive

• Example 2Hand-held and transportable
  electrically driven tools
• The LVD Working Party has agreed that standards
  covering this type of equipment shall be
  published only under the Machinery Directive in
  the Official Journal of the European Communities,
  and hence it has been agreed to apply the
  conformity assessment procedures of the
  Machinery Directive rather than those of the
  LVD.

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Differencies in directive texts

• LVD The electrical equipment may be placed on
  the marketonly if, having been constructed in
  accordance with goodengineering practice in
  safety matters in force in the Community,it does
  not endanger the safety of persons, domestic
  animals or property when properly installed and
  maintained and used in applications for which it
  was made.
• MDThe manufacturer shall follow the principles
  of safety integration. Machinery must be so
  constructed that it is fitted for its function,
  and can be adjusted and maintained without
  putting persons at risk.

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Voltage limits, LVD compared with other directives
LVD 50 V a.c. 1000 V a.c. 75 V d.c. 1500 V
d.c. MD No specific voltage limit All hazards
of an electrical nature shall be
prevented RTTE No specific voltage limit. The
LVD shall be used when testing the safety
aspects Equipment outside the voltage limits?
No CE-marking required but national laws
applicable. The equipment shall comply with good
engineering practice.
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LVD RTTE Directive

• If the equipment, or relevant components, falls
  under the RTTE Directive it must meet the
  requirements of all applicable directives that
  the equipment falls under. The RTTE Directive
  does not have its own detailed requirements, and
  refers therefore to the safety objectives of the
  LVD, but with no voltage limit applying.