Chapter 3: Genetics: The Heredity of Science

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Chapter 3Genetics The Heredity of Science

• Review Game

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Vocabulary

• The different forms of a gene.

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Vocabulary

• The different forms of a gene.
• Allele

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Vocabulary

• Having two identical alleles for a trait.

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Vocabulary

• Having two identical alleles for a trait.
• Homozygous

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Vocabulary

• RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid
  to the ribosome and adds it to the growing
  protein chain.

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Vocabulary

• RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid
  to the ribosome and adds it to the growing
  protein chain.
• Transfer RNA

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Vocabulary

• The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

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Vocabulary

• The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
• Heredity

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Vocabulary

• An organism that has two different alleles for a
  trait.

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Vocabulary

• An organism that has two different alleles for a
  trait.
• Hybrid

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Vocabulary

• An organisms physical appearance, or visible
  traits.

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Vocabulary

• An organisms physical appearance, or visible
  traits.
• Phenotype

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Vocabulary

• The process that occurs in sex cells by which the
  number of chromosomes are cut in half.

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Vocabulary

• The process that occurs in sex cells by which the
  number of chromosomes are cut in half.
• Meiosis

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Vocabulary

• An organism that always produces offspring with
  the same form of trait as the parent.

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Vocabulary

• An organism that always produces offspring with
  the same form of trait as the parent.
• Purebred

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Vocabulary

• A chart that shows all the possible combinations
  of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.

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Vocabulary

• A chart that shows all the possible combinations
  of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
• Punnett Square

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Vocabulary

• A characteristic that an organism can pass on to
  its offspring through its genes.

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Vocabulary

• A characteristic that an organism can pass on to
  its offspring through its genes.
• Trait

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Vocabulary

• A condition in which neither of two alleles of a
  gene is dominant or recessive.

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Vocabulary

• A condition in which neither of two alleles of a
  gene is dominant or recessive.
• Codominance

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Vocabulary

• An allele whose trait always shows up in the
  organism when the allele is present.

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Vocabulary

• An allele whose trait always shows up in the
  organism when the allele is present.
• Dominant Allele

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Vocabulary

• Having two different alleles for a trait.

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Vocabulary

• Having two different alleles for a trait.
• Heterozygous

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Vocabulary

• The scientific study of heredity.

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Vocabulary

• The scientific study of heredity.
• Genetics

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Vocabulary

• RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the
  nucleus and carries the message into the
  cytoplasm.

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Vocabulary

• RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the
  nucleus and carries the message into the
  cytoplasm.
• Messenger RNA

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Vocabulary

• An allele that is masked when a dominant allele
  is present.

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Vocabulary

• An allele that is masked when a dominant allele
  is present.
• Recessive Allele

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Vocabulary

• An organisms genetic makeup, or allele
  combination.

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Vocabulary

• An organisms genetic makeup, or allele
  combination.
• Genotype

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Vocabulary

• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a
  specific trait.

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Vocabulary

• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a
  specific trait.
• Gene

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Vocabulary

• The likelihood that a particular event will
  occur.

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Vocabulary

• The likelihood that a particular event will
  occur.
• Probability

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Short Answers

• When Mendel crossed two hybrid plants for stem
  height (Tt), what results did he always get?

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Short Answers

• When Mendel crossed two hybrid plants for stem
  height (Tt), what results did he always get?
• He always found that three fourths of the plants
  had tall stems and one fourth of the plants had
  short stems.

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Short Answers

• What is the genetic code?

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Short Answers

• What is the genetic code?
• The genetic code is the order of nitrogen bases
  along a gene the specifies what type of protein
  will be produce.

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Short Answers

• How can mutations affect protein synthesis in
  cells?

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Short Answers

• How can mutations affect protein synthesis in
  cells?
• Mutations can cause a cell to produce an
  incorrect protein during protein synthesis.

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Short Answers

• Why did Mendel use purebred plants in his
  experiments?

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Short Answers

• Why did Mendel use purebred plants in his
  experiments?
• He knew that the offspring would always have the
  same form of the trait as the parents.

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Short Answers

• What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?

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Short Answers

• What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
• Genes are carried from parent to their offspring
  on chromosomes.

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Short Answers

• List the two kinds of RNA and tell their jobs.

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Short Answers

• List the two kinds of RNA and tell their jobs.
• Messenger RNA copies the coded message from the
  DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into
  the cytoplasm.
• Transfer RNA carries amino acids and adds them
  to the growing proteins.

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Short Answers

• If you toss a coin five times and it lands heads
  up each time, can you expect the coin to land
  heads up on the sixth toss? Explain.

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Short Answers

• If you toss a coin five times and it lands heads
  up each time, can you expect the coin to land
  heads up on the sixth toss? Explain.
• No, the results of the first five tosses do not
  affect the results of the sixth toss.

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Short Answers

• How are genes lined up in a pair of chromosomes?

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Short Answers

• How are genes lined up in a pair of chromosomes?
• Genes are lined up in the same order from one end
  of the chromosome to the other.

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Short Answers

• A black Erminette chicken is crossed with a white
  Erminette chicken. What color are the offspring?

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Short Answers

• A black Erminette chicken is crossed with a white
  Erminette chicken. What color are the offspring?
  
• The offspring have both black and white feathers.

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Short Answers

• What happens during protein synthesis?

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Short Answers

• What happens during protein synthesis?
• During protein synthesis, the cell uses
  information from a gene on a chromosome to
  produce a specific.