Principles of skill development in shooting

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Principles of skill development in shooting

• ISSF Coach Education Programme
• B Licence Bar, 19-26 Nov 2004

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The Coaching Process

• Identify individual talent and the needs of
  performers
• Encourage and promote the development of skills
  through guided practice
• Set tasks which are increasingly challenging to
  match improvements in knowledge, skill and
  attitude on the part of the performer,
• Create an environment in which individuals are
  motivated to maintain participation and improve
  performance.

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The Coaching Process
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Performance Observation
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Performance Observation
VIEWING CONDITIONS
HUMAN LIMITATIONS SET VIEWS
PREJUDICES EFFECT OF EMOTIONS
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Human Limitations

• Attentional focus
• Pick-up
• Length of time
• Number of events

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Other Limitations to Observation

• Set Views and Prejudices
• Subjective v Objective measures
• Influence of previous observations
• Bias
• Emotions
• Narrowing of attentional focus
• Distraction
• Reduced concentration

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Structured Observation

• Performance Criteria
• How is successful outcome judged?
• Objective score
• Subjective Performance quality
• How are these outcomes achieved?
• What are the key events and how are they related
  to the outcome? (e.g. what crucial actions lead
  to a successful shot.)

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The Coaching Process
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Performance Models

• Observed performance is compared to some
  optimal performance model.
• Many sources of performance models.
• Objective evidence of key performance factors
• Idealised performance
• Practice goals
• Previous performances
• Other performers

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Feedback

• Clear and precise
• Understandable to the performer
• Related to performance criteria
• Positive and Negative
• Given at the right time

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Stages of Learning

• Cognitive - Beginner
• Demand frequent feedback
• Many errors
• Associative Intermediate
• Fewer errors and beginnings of self-awareness
• Less frequent feedback needed
• Autonomous - Expert
• Good ability to self-reflect
• Minimal intervention required
• Overlearning

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Practice Models

• Competition Simulation
• Partial Skills
• Whole Part Whole
• Task specific practice
• Massed v distributed practice

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Practice Considerations

• Skill development may require fundamental
  training to occur to correct observed issue.
• Alteration of stance or posture
• Strength changes
• Flexibility changes
• Development of endurance capacity

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