Felix Li

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Looking beyond 3G

• Felix Li

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• Enjoy Chaku-Uta Full SD-Audio with the
  multi-function Music Player (400MB Mem)

• Smooth net surfing with the Full Browser

• High-quality 4-megapixel camera with shake
  correction functions

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Quad band GSM/GPRS EDGE 900/1800/1900MHz WCDMA
2100
Japans first HSDPA-compatible handset In FOMA
HIGH-SPEED areas, the N902iX is capable of packet
downlinks of up to 3.6Mbps
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Outline

• The Evolution of Mobile Communications

• A brief review of the past and the current
  mobile communication technologies

• Super 3G

• The mission of Super 3G

• Key features of Super 3G

• Initiatives and actions taken by the industry

• 4G

• The vision for the fourth generation mobile
  communication system

• The latest news and achievements towards
  developing a 4G system

Reminder throughout the presentation, we will
focus on the PHY
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The Evolution ofMobile Communications
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Bell and His Invention
0G
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The First Generation
1979, the world first cellular system was
implemented by NTT in Japan, using 600 FM duplex
channels
1G
1983, US deployed its first cellular telephone
system AMPS in Chicago
1990
2000
1980
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The Second Generation
2G
1991, the first GSM call was made by Radiolinja
in Finland.
IS-95 CDMA
GSM TDMA
1992, Telstra became the first non-European
operator to sign the GSM Memorandum of
Understanding.
1990
2000
1980
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The Second Generation Enhancement
2003, first EDGE networks went live
2000, first commercial GPRS was launched
1990
2000
1980
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The Third Generation
3G
2001, Japan launched the first WCDMA system
2000, SK Telecom in Korea launched the first
CDMA2000 system
1990
2000
1980
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The Third Generation Enhancement
Telstra today super-charged the speeds on its
Next G network from 3.6Mbps to 14.4Mbps and
boosted the cell range up to 200km for more than
40 rural and coastal sites, making Telstra's Next
G network easily the fastest and geographically
biggest national wireless network in the world.
Telstra Media Press 15 Feb 2007
As of March 2007, over 100 HSDPA networks have
commercially launched mobile broadband services
in 54 countries.
1990
2000
1980
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Data Rate
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In the past, it took some 10 years for each
generation to come to market.
How about the future?
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Super 3G
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Market and Technology Trends

• The need for broadband mobile communications is
  growing as well as in fixed networks.

• All-IP wireless architecture has emerged as the
  most preferred platform for beyond 3G wireless
  communications. And the design of a future
  wireless air interface has to take into account
  the fact that the dominant load will be
  high-speed burst-type traffic. New interface is
  required.

• The RD for new radio technologies are
  progressing.

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The Mission of Super 3G

• To provide not only improved data rate, capacity
  and coverage, but also reduced latency and cost.

• To evolve towards a wider transmission bandwidth
  and packet-optimized network.

• To keep a highly competitive position in the
  world telecom market for a long term. (HSDPA will
  only be competitive for a mid-term evolution)

• To provide a smooth migration path towards 4G.

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Spectrum Deployment Requirement

• Should include an evolution towards wider
  bandwidth than 5 MHz considering a desire for
  higher data rates

• Support 5 MHz bandwidth or less to allow more
  flexibility in whichever frequency bands the
  system may be deployed

• Co-existence and co-location with GERAN/3G on
  adjacent channels

• Co-existence and co-location between operators
  on adjacent channels

• Co-existence on overlapping and/or adjacent
  spectrum at country borders.

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Spectrum Flexibility

• Shall support bandwidth up to 20 MHz.

• Shall operate in different size of spectrum
  allocation including 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10
  MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz in both the uplink and the
  downlink. (More flexible in whichever frequency
  bands the system may be deployed.)

• Operation in paired and unpaired spectrum shall
  be supported.

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Data Rate Requirement

• Support DL peak data rate at 100Mbps (20MHz)

• Support UL peak data rate at 50Mbps (20MHz)

• Scaled linearly according to the spectrum
  allocation

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Radio Access Technology OFDM

• The technique of Orthogonal Frequency Division
  Multiplexing (OFDM) is based on well-known
  technique of Frequency Division Multiplexing
  (FDM).

• In FDM different streams of information are
  mapped onto separate parallel frequency channels.
  Each FDM channel is separated form the others by
  a frequency guard band to reduce interference
  between adjacent channels.

f
f1
f2
f3
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Difference between OFDM and FDM

• Sub-carriers are orthogonal to each other

• A guard time may be added to each symbols to
  combat the channel delay spread

• high frequency efficiency

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The Use of IFFT in Generating OFDM Signal

• Frequency domain input are carried onto
  individual sub-carriers

• Each sub-carrier has exactly an integer number
  of cycles in the symbol interval

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Facts

• The basic idea of OFDM was introduced and
  patented in the mid 60s by Chang.
• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,
  U.S. Patent 3,488,455, filed 1966, issued Jan
  1970.

• The use of IDFT and DFT for the FDM system can
  be dated back to 1970s.
• Data transmission by frequency-division
  multiplexing using the discrete Fourier
  transforms, IEEE Trans on Communications,
  COM-19(5)628-634, October 1971

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OFDM Signal
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OFDM Signal
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Frame Structure
f
1.25MHz, 2.5MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz
Sub-carrier spacing 15kHz (76 occupied
sub-carriers _at_ 1.25MHz)
f
Narrow band interference
slot
0.5ms
t
TTI
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Link Level Adaptation

• The quality of the signal received by a UE
  depends on many factors

• To improve the system capacity and coverage
  reliability, the signal transmitted to and by a
  user is modified according to signal quality
  variation

• CDMA systems uses fast power control as link
  adaptation

• AMC offered an alternative method for link
  adaptation (was successfully used in HSDPA)

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Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)

• How does AMC work?

• The power of the transmitted signal is held
  constant over a frame interval

• The modulation and coding format is changed to
  match the current received signal quality or
  channel conditions

• User close to the Node B are typically assigned
  higher order modulation with higher code rates
  (e.g. 64 QAM with R3/4 turbo codes)

• The modulation-order and/or code rate will
  normally decrease as the distance from Node B
  increases

• Possibly different modulation and coding schemes
  will be used for different resource blocks

• AMC provides the flexibility to match the
  modulation-coding scheme to the average channel
  conditions for each user

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7 Level MCS
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Performance

• Case 1 Full 7-MCS

• Case 2 5-MCS without QPSK R1/4, 8PSK R3/4

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Challenges

• The performance of AMC is vulnerable to the
  radio channel measurements

• The measurement cycle may not follow the usual
  channel variation due to fast channel fading

• The measurements are not error free

• May result in wrong decision for modulation and
  coding selection.

• Advanced CQI estimation and reporting procedures
  is required (e.g. adaptive reporting cycle)

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MIMO
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Channel Model Overview Multi-path
Received signal
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Channel Model Overview Fading
Each tap will have an amplitude, a phase and a
delay

• When the speed of the mobile is very high, we
  will suffer from a large Doppler spread

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Channel Model Needed for a Higher Bandwidth

• We have a very well developed channel model for
  3G.

• The model is originally designed for a 5 MHz
  bandwidth (not suitable for the Super 3G)

• In order to evaluate the DL performance, a
  spatial channel model is required

Frequency correlation for sub-urban macro
scenario
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Performance Evaluation
Old 5 MHz channel
New channel
QPSK with 1/3 turbo
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Performance Evaluation
Old 5 MHz channel
New channel
QPSK with 2/3 turbo
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Mobility Requirement

• The network should be optimized for low mobile
  speed from 0 to 15 km/h

• Higher mobile speed between 15 and 120 km/h
  should be supported with high performance

• Mobility across the cellular network shall be
  maintained at speeds from 120 km/h to 350 km/h

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Industry News
A group of world leading telecom technology
manufacturers and network operators comprised of
Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, France Telecom/Orange,
Nokia, Nokia Siemens Networks, Nortel, T-Mobile,
and Vodafone have announced a joint initiative
aimed at driving forward the realisation of the
next-generation of high performance mobile
broadband networks.
03 May 2007 Nokia Press Releases

• To demonstrate the potential

• Tests includes radio transmission performance
  tests, early interoperability tests, field tests
  and full customer trials

• Joint activities will commence in May 2007, and
  are expected to run for a period of 18-24 months

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4G
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Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF)

• To contribute to the vision of the wireless world

• To develop and maintain a consistent vision of
  the wireless world

• Based on recent contributions to Wireless World
  Research Forum and White Papers from Working
  Groups and Special Interest Groups the new Book
  of Visions 2006 was published in April 2006 by
  WILEY.

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Vision for 4G

• The definition of 4G is still not clear, but
  will probably consists of two aspects.

• High data rates which shall provide 100Mbps for
  high mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility.
  (100MHz bandwidth possibly)

• Open architecture which stresses seamless
  service provisioning across a multitude of
  wireless systems as being an important feature of
  future generation systems

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Korea
Samsung Electronics Co. plans to demonstrate
today fourth-generation wireless phone technology
capable of exchanging signals much faster than
most fixed-line broadband services, such as
digital subscriber line and cable.
The 4G technology to be demonstrated will take
several more years to become commercially viable.
But Samsung says it has created mobile
transmitters and receivers that can exchange data
at 100 megabits a second in a vehicle moving as
fast as 37 miles an hour.
The Korean company also will demonstrate today
another system that can exchange data via a
wireless connection 10 times faster than that, or
at one gigabit a second, at a fixed point.
31 Aug 2006 The Wall Street Journal
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China
Third-generation (3G) telephony is not available
on the Chinese mainland yet but subscribers in
one city district can now go beyond where no one
has ever gone.
The world's first fourth-generation (4G) mobile
communication system was officially launched
yesterday in Shanghai's Changning District after
a field trial was conducted in October.
The home-grown 4G system provides speeds of up to
100 mbps in wireless transmission of data and
images many times faster than that of current
mobile technology.
29 Jan 2007 China Daily
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Japan
NTT DoCoMo, Inc. announced that it achieved a
maximum packet transmission rate of approximately
5Gbps in the downlink using 100MHz frequency
bandwidth to a mobile station moving at 10km/h.
The field experiment of fourth-generation (4G)
radio access took place in Yokosuka, Kanagawa
Prefecture on December 25, 2006.
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Questions ?
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