Clinical Chemistry

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Clinical Chemistry

• Kayla Miller, Kayla Miller, Amanda Blake, Amanda
  Smith, Kristen Doyle, Kristan Belcher, Jocelyn
  Ellis, Lee Adkins, Jeremy Davenport, Dr. Drew
  Shiemke, Jill Lemon

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Creatine Kinase

• Creatine Kinase is an enzyme found in the
  muscles. Creatine Kinase is used to diagnose a
  heart attack. When you have a heart attack it
  puts protein into your blood.

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Spectrophotometry

• A spectrophotometer measures the amount of light
  absorbed. In some samples there was high protein,
  and they may have had a heart attack.

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Data
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Conclusion

• In conclusion, the high numbers mean that they
  have had a heart attack. The low numbers mean
  that they are in good condition and that they
  will be living a while.

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Electrophoresis of Creatine Kinase

• Intended to separate different isozymes of CK.
• There are two forms One in the brain and
  bloodstream. The other is found in the muscle.
• When you have a heart attack you find it in both.

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Proteins

• Depending on the chemical properties of the
  constituent amino acids proteins have different
  charges.
• In electrophoresis the proteins are
  separated by how much of a charge they have.

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This picture explains the chemical change of
Electrophoresis.
The basic strand of protein.
The tool used to separate proteins.
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The Process

• Electrophoresis separates the two and makes
  them easier to detect.
• The more protein present, the
  darker the band.

• 2 samples of high cholesterol patients and 1
  normal sample to compare them to.
• Measured to find the amount of HDL (good
  cholesterol) and LDL (bad cholesterol).

HDL helps get rid of extra cholesterol in the
body.
LDL can clog arteries.
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Results by Electrophoresis

• HDL is negatively charged migrates to the
  positive charge.
• Patient 3 had more LDL it had a darker band.
• Patient 5 had more HDL it was closer to the
  positive terminal.

Patient 3
LDL
HDL
Patient 5
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Facts about Liquid Nitrogen

• Liquefies at -346ºF
• Atmosphere - 80 nitrogen gas.
• Keeps biological samples cold for long-term
  storage.
• Freezes most things on contact.
• Fun to play with ? ?

boiling liquid nitrogen
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Our Fun with Liquid Nitrogen
froze marshmallows and had fun eating them ?
froze part of a banana pounded a nail into a
board
Frozen Marshmallows
can freeze and smash a rose into a million
pieces!
Banana Hammer!
Cold Love
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Total Serum Cholesterol Assay
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Methods of the Assay
How to Calculate the Total Serum Cholesterol
Concentration.
Cu(Au)(Cs) (As)
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Spectrophotometry

• The spectrophotometer was used to measure the
  amount of light that was absorbed in the
  cholesterol samples.
• The higher the absorbance level was the more
  cholesterol there was in the sample.

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Rating Cholesterol
Anything below the numbers under moderate risk
for age would be healthy.
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The Cholesterol Gene
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What are 3 of the Cholesterol Genes?

• Normal - Receptors
• Heterozygote - Different
• Homozygote - Same

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Reasons For High Cholesterol

• Heredity
• Coronary Heart Disease
• Stroke
• Diet

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How Cholesterol Genes Effect the Body

• The normal gene keeps cholesterol at an average
  level.
• Heterozygote gene posses half the normal amount
  of LDL receptors.
• Homozygote gene completely lacks the LDL
  receptors.