WHO

1
WHO indicators on water, sanitation and health

• Experiences from the feasibility testing in
  different Member States in the framework of
  several WHO activities

2
Background

• Need of quantitative data for development
  programmes baseline-setting and follow-up
• ECEH elaborating and testing a pan-European
  environmental and health indicator system EHIS
  in cooperation with DG Sanco and EEA
• ECOEHIS programme to integrate EH indicators into
  ECHI (European Community Health Indicators)
  systems
• ENHIS programme (Implementing Environment and
  Health Information System in Europe) actual use
  of ECOEHIS indicators in 12 MS also proposed for
  CEHAPE
• Use for the Protocol on Water and Health
• Four indicators are ready to use
• WatSan_S1 (Quality of bathing water)
• WatSan_S2 (Quality of drinking water)
• WatSan_Ex1 (Access to safe drinking water)
• WatSan_P1 (Waste water treatment coverage)

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Background

• Other EH indicators considered
• Indicators relevant in ENHIS context but not yet
  for EU
• WatSan_A1 (Management of bathing water)
• Indicators to be further developed
• WatSan_E1 (Number of water related outbreaks)
• WatSan_A2 (Water Safety Plans)
• Indicators not considered any more
• WatSan_E2 (diarrhoeal morbidity under 5)
• WatSan_Ex2 (Access to sanitation)

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Other systems hosting EH data

• WHO Health for All database
• Indicators on access to drinking water and
  sanitation
• Ready to host indicator of waterborne diseases
  (outbreaks and cases) for selected priority
  diseases (cholera, typhoid, shigellosis,
  hepatitis A, EHEC)
• May also host other waterborne infections
  (campylobacteriosis, cryptosporidiosis, calici,
  salmonellosis)
• Joint Monitoring Programme (WHO-UNICEF)
• Access to improved drinking water sources and
  improved sanitation

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Other systems hosting EH data

• EUROSTAT/OECD
• Access indicators (drinking water sanitation)
• Several indicator subgroup for sanitation and
  sewage treatment coverage according to treatment
  grade
• Separate group for independent systems
• EEA Waterbase
• A voluntary reporting system of 32 European
  countries in the framework of EIONET
• Covers 49 water related indicators also on
  performance, reuse and remediation
• Direct reporting schemes for various EU
  directives
• 98/83/EC 76/160/EEC 91/676/EEC 91/270/EEC

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PWH Art 6. Subject of the requirement ENHIS coverage Coverage by EU reporting requirement/EU datasource Coverage by other reporting system(s)/ /datasource Remarks
2(a) The quality of the drinking water supplied WatSan_S2 WatSan_S3 Reporting under 98/83/EC to be performed on the basis of CD 92/446/EC questionnaire prepared for 80/778/EC ECOEHIS system new reporting system underway
2(b) The scale of the outbreaks and incidents of water related disease WatSan_E1 No specific reporting for water related diseases Health for All Database is foreseen to host relevant data Proposed in ENHIS to monitor CEHAPE Regional Priority Goals
2(c) The area of territory/population served by collective systems for the supply of drinking water WatSan_Ex1 Joint Eurostat/OECD questionnaire population connected to public water supply WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme HfA Database ECOEHIS system MDG indicator
2(d) The area of territory/population served by collective systems of sanitation WatSan_Ex2 WatSan_P1 Reporting under Directive 91/271/EEC Joint Eurostat/OECD questionnaire Population connected to urban wastewater collecting systems EEA Waterbase and Eurostat population connected to urban wastewater treatment WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme HfA Database Based on the voluntary reporting system of 32 European countries in the framework of EIONET several options accor-ding to grade of treatment MDG indicator different definitions used
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PWH Art 6. Subject of the requirement ENHIS coverage Coverage by EU reporting requirement/EU datasource Coverage by other reporting system(s)/ /datasource Remarks
2(e) The levels of performance to be achieved by such collective systems None EEA Waterbase several performance related indicators for wastewater treatment plants None several indicators partially based on suppliers benchmarking data - have been proposed by the ad hoc group (see MP.WAT/WG.4/2005/4 Annex II.
2(f) The application of recognised good practice to management of water supply and sanitation WatSan_A2 None None Proposed in ECOEHIS as item to be further elaborated Can be partly in coverage with indicators on 2(e)
2(g) The occurrence of discharges of (i) untreated waste water (ii) untreated stormwater overflow None Reporting obligation under 91/270/EEC (Urban Waste Water Treatment) Eurostat Population connected to urban waste water collection systems without treatment  ?
2(h) The quality of discharges of waste water to waters within the scope of this Protocol None Several reporting obligations under the Directive 2000/60/EC (Water Framework Directive) EEA Waterbase several related indicators ?
2(i) The disposal or reuse of sewage sludge and the quality of waste water used for irrigation purposes None EU? EEA Waterbase several related indicators ?
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PWH Art 6. Subject of the requirement ENHIS coverage Coverage by EU reporting requirement/EU datasource Coverage by other reporting system(s)/ /datasource Remarks
2(j) The quality of waters which are used as sources of drinking water, which are generally used for bathing or which are used for aquaculture or for the production or harvesting shellfish WatSan_S1 Several items of reporting obligation under EU Direc-tives 76/160/EEC (Bathing Water) 91/676/EC (Nitrate) 75/440/EEC (Abstraction) 79/923/EEC (Shellfish) and a system of reporting under 2000/60/EC WFD ? ECOEHIS System
2(k) The application of recognised good practice to the management of enclosed waters generally available for bathing None None None Volume 2 of the WHO Guidelines on Safe Recreational Water Environment may be taken to start with
2(l) The identification and remediation of particularly contaminated sites None EU reporting obligation EEA indicator Contaminated sites management ?
2(m) The effectiveness of systems for the management, development protection and use of water resources including the application of recognised good practice to the control of pollution from sources of all kinds WatSan_A2 partly covering Reporting obligations under Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) ?
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Conclusions

• There is an abundance of data sources that may
  support the information gathering for the
  Protocol
• Eurostat data are of primary choice
• EEA water database has to be actively supported
• Proposed actions
• To prolong the mandate of the Copenhagen group
  to investigate the usability of the
  aforementioned data
• To propose Parties to liaise with EEA and ECEH
  ENHIS group