Title: Matter And Energy
1Matter And Energy
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Chemistry I Chapter 2a Chemistry I Honors
Chapter 2 ICP Chapter 15 16a
2The Nature of Matter
Gold
Mercury
- Chemists are interested in the nature of matter
and how this is related to its atoms and
molecules.
3Chemistry Matter
- We can explore the MACROSCOPIC world what we
can see - to understand the PARTICULATE worlds we cannot
see. - We write SYMBOLS to describe these worlds.
4A Chemists View of Water
Macroscopic
H2O (gas, liquid, solid)
Symbolic
Particulate
5A Chemists View
Macroscopic
2 H2(g) O2 (g) --gt 2 H2O(g)
Particulate
Symbolic
6Kinetic Nature of Matter
- Matter consists of atoms and molecules in _____.
7STATES OF MATTER
- _______ have rigid shape, fixed volume.
External shape can reflect the atomic and
molecular arrangement. - Reasonably well understood.
- _______ have no fixed shape and may not fill a
container completely. - Not well understood.
- _______ expand to fill their container.
- Good theoretical understanding.
8OTHER STATES OF MATTER
- PLASMA an electrically charged gas Example
the sun or any other star - BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE a condensate that
forms near absolute zero that has superconductive
properties Example supercooled Rb gas
9Physical Properties
- What are some physical properties?
- color
- melting and boiling point
- Odor
- Anything you can touch, see, hear, taste
10Extensive vs. intensive property
- Extensive properties are dependent upon the
amount of substance present. Ex- mass, length - Intensive property is independent of the amount
of substance present. Ex- density, temperature
11- Graphite layer structure of carbon atoms
reflects physical properties.
12Physical Changes
- can be observed without changing the identity of
the substance - Some physical changes would be
- boiling of a liquid
- melting of a solid
- dissolving a solid in a liquid to give a
homogeneous mixture a SOLUTION.
13Chemical Properties and Chemical Change
- Chemical properties cannot be seen- reactivity,
flammability, corrosiveness. - Burning hydrogen (H2) in oxygen (O2) gives H2O.
14Chemical Properties and Chemical Change
- Burning hydrogen (H2) in oxygen (O2) gives H2O.
- Chemical change or chemical reaction
transformation of one or more atoms or molecules
into one or more different molecules.
15Sure Signs of a Chemical Change
- Heat
- Light
- Gas Produced (not from boiling!)
- Precipitate a solid formed by mixing two
liquids together - Law of conservation of mass- Matter is neither
created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. - Practice problems p78- Q5-9. P79 q13.
16Physical vs. Chemical
- physical
- chemical
- physical
- physical
- chemical
- Examples
- melting point
- flammable
- density
- magnetic
- tarnishes in air
17Physical vs. Chemical
- Examples
- rusting iron
- dissolving in water
- burning a log
- melting ice
- grinding spices
18Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes
no
Can it be physically separated?
Homogeneous Mixture (solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element
19Types of Mixtures
- Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances.
Heterogeneous visibly separate phases
Homogeneous Same throughout
20Methods of separation
- Filtration- use filter paper to separate based on
particle size - Distillation- boil off liquids at different
temperatures - Crystallization- separate based on formation of
crystals - Sublimation- solids going directly to
gases.opposite- deposition. - Chromatography- liquids rise up in a column based
on affinity - Do Chromatography lab
21Elements and compounds
- Elements- simplest form of matter
- Compounds formed by combining elements in a fixed
ratio. - Periodic table- organizes elements into groups
(families) and periods. - Groups are vertical and periods are horizontal
- Law of definite proportions- Any compound is
always composed of same elements in same
proportion. - Ex- CuF2 1 Cu 2F
- Percent by massmass of element/ mass of compound
x100. - P88 Practice problems- q19-22
22Law of multiple proportions
- Compounds can be formed in more than one way
between two or more elements. - Elements can combine in different proportions
with whole number ratios when this happens. - Ex- H2O and H2O2