Oral

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• Oral
• Presentations

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This presentation will answer these five
questions...

• What are the different types of presentations?
• What are the elements of the communication
  process?
• How do you create an effective presentation?
• What are the elements of all good presentations?
• What pitfalls should you try to avoid?

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Three Goals

• To turn nervousness into confidence
• To learn how to evaluate a presentation
• To advise others to become better presenters

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1 The Different Types of Presentations

• You could make a thousand different types of
  presentations
• Informing
• Demonstration
• Definition
• Description
• Expository
• Persuasion

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1 The Different Types of Presentations

• Impromptu - Off the cuff
• Memorized - Recited
• Manuscript - Read
• Prepared - Spoken with cue cards

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2 Elements of the Communication Process
Message
Speaker
Listener
Response
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2 Elements of the Communication Process

• Key learning
• Speakers must be aware of all aspects of a
  presentation, NOT just how they are feeling at
  that moment
• the speaker is only one part of the whole .

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2 Elements of the Communication Process

• REMEMBER...
• You have the audience and, more importantly, the
  message to think about.
• Realize this and you should begin to take
  control over your anxiety.

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2 Elements of the Communication Process

• Speaker The speaker wants to communicate
  an idea
• Message The speaker puts the idea into a
  structured message
• Channel The message is sent through a
  channel to the audience

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2 Elements of the Communication Process

• Audience the audience receives and interprets
  the message
• Response the audience responds to the message

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2 Elements of the Communication Process

• The speaker must focus on words, attitude, tone,
  and outward appearance

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2 Elements of the Communication Process

• The listener has needs which you - the speaker -
  are trying to meet.
• Just as you would write for your readers, you
  should try to speak for your listeners, not for
  yourself.

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2 Elements of the Communication Process

• Message Content Form
• Content the information you want to
  deliver
• Form Structure of the message, the
  style, the features of delivery

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2 Elements of the Communication Process

• Response
• Pay attention to the reaction of the audience
  during and after the speech

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2 Elements of the Communication Process

• RESPONSES to a speech can include
• non-verbal or verbal responses before and during
  speech
• questions right after speech
• questions and comments received later

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2 Elements of the Communication Process

• Use the
• RESPONSE
• to your presentation to become a better presenter

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3 Creating a Presentation

• Presenting
• is only one part
• of the equation!

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3 Creating a Presentation

• Successful presentations involve
• Planning Practice

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3 Creating a Presentation

• The more you
• PLAN and PRACTICE,
• the less nervous
• you will be.

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3 Creating a Presentation

• The more you
• PLAN and PRACTICE,
• the more effective
• you will be.

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3 Creating a Presentation

• Pfieffer uses the outline ROTGD to help you think
  about planning your presentation
• Research
• Organization
• Text
• Graphics
• Delivery

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3 Creating a Presentation

• Planning and writing
• your presentation should be given equal or more
  importance than the delivery

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3 Creating a Presentation

• Research
• Who is the audience?
• What is the purpose?
• How much time to speak?
• Know the topic . . .

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4 Elements of a Good Presentation

• Organization
• Introduction - Tell them what you are going
  to tell them
• Body - Tell them
• Conclusion - Tell them what you told them

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4 Elements of a Good Presentation

• The Introduction
• Opener
• Objective
• Preview

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4 Elements of a Good Presentation

• The Body
• Key Point 1, Supporting Material, Transition
• Key Point 2, Supporting Material, Transition
• Key Point 3, Supporting Material, Transition
• Remember you have a limited amount of time
  gauge the volume of content carefully.

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4 Elements of a Good Presentation

• The Conclusion
• Summary
• To Do

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4 Elements of a Good Presentation

• Text
• Simple descriptive words are better
• Never read from a script
• Never memorize a script
• Use cue cards with major points written in large
  letters (the script)

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4 Elements of a Good Presentation

• Rule of 7
• for slides or overheads
• try not to put more than
• 7 words on 7 lines

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4 Elements of a Good Presentation

• Graphics
• Fit the setting
• Support the message
• Wake the audience
• Used sparingly

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4 Elements of a Good Presentation

• and are
• Pictorial
• Colourful
• Creative

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4 Elements of a Good Presentation

• Delivery
• Energetic enthusiastic
• Delivered with care
• Be careful with hand gestures

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5 The Pitfalls to Avoid

• Mispronunciation
• Filler words
• ahhhs, ummmms, uhhhs, you know, right?
• Not being heard
• Uninteresting voice

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5 The Pitfalls to Avoid

• Ineffective gesturing
• Equipment not working
• Using visual aids incorrectly
• Wrong clothes
• Opening with a joke

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5 The Pitfalls to Avoid

• Poor eye contact
• Weak introduction
• Ineffective transitions
• Weak conclusion (Thank You!)

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Overcome Nervous Anxiety
Goals to Achieve...

• Change the nervousness to confidence

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• Confidence
• adds energy to a presentation

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Overcome Nervous Anxiety

• It is not fear you are feeling it is nervousness
• Identify the source self-consciousness
• Recognize the solution your ability
• Think positively I am I can ... I know
• Relax
• Gather support from the audience

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Evaluating a presentation means making a critique
of both the strong and weak aspects, not just a
criticism.
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Evaluating a Presentation

• Focus on the positive
• Tell presenters what you liked
• If someone is doing something that really does
  not work, show them a technique that does work
• Do not criticize without providing a solution or
  suggestion

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• Focus on the message, but also think about how
  the presentation is
• created, organized, and delivered

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Critical Reflection...

• How did the audience respond to your
  presentation?
• What did you do well?
• What skills do you need to improve before your
  next presentation?

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• Remember
• Present yourself positively
• every chance you get.

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References

• Arredondo, Lani. How to Present Like a Pro
  Getting People to See Things Your Way. New York
  McGraw-Hill Inc., 1991.
• Koch, Arthur. Speaking With a Purpose. 5th ed.
  Boston Allyn Bacon, 2001.
• Pfeiffer, William S. Pocket Guide to Public
  Speaking. New Jersey Prentice Hall, 2002.