Monday 116

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Monday 11/6

• Journal Question
• What do you know about Sickle Cell Anemia?
• Objective
• Describe how Sickle Cell Anemia affects the flow
  of blood in a persons body.

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Sickle Cell Anemia
http//www.thetech.org/genetics/images/ask/sickle_
cell_image_1.jpg
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What is Sickle Cell Anemia?

• An inherited blood disease that affects red blood
  cells
• What does that mean??????
• (Article)

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What does that mean?

• It is a disease that you cannot catch from
  someone who has it
• It causes problems in the cells found in your
  blood
• Red Blood Cells

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Sickle Cell Factoids

• In the United States, sickle cell anemia affects
  about 72,000 people. The families of most of the
  people affected come from Africa
• About 2 million Americans carry the sickle cell
  trait. About 1 in 12 African Americans have the
  trait

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Normal Red Blood Cells

• Red blood cells are usually smooth edged and have
  a doughnut shape
• They last about 120 days in the blood stream
  before being taken out of circulation
• Hemoglobin, a protein, is found in red blood
  cells
• It is made of 4 pieces put together

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Red Blood Cells and Others
www-medlib.med.utah.edu/ WebPath/jpeg5/HEME002.jpg

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Disease, What Happens?

• Causes a sickling shape of the red blood cell
• Patches of the pieces stick to one another
  causing it to form chains
• Causing the observed sickle shape
• A sickle looks like a scythe (what the Grim
  Reaper carries)
• This abnormal shape messes with blood flow in
  small vessels
• Can cause pain, damage, and a low blood count
  (anemia)

http//www.mcg.edu/centers/sicklecell/images/2017.
jpg
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Sickle Cells
http//www.thedoctorwillseeyounow.com/articles/oth
er/sicklecell_3/sickle1a.gif
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Sickle Cells
http//www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/jpeg5/HEME0
15.jpg http//webanatomy.net/histology/blood/sickl
e_cells.jpg
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Possible Outcomes

• Infections
• Infants and young children are more susceptible
  to bacterial infections (ex meningitis)
• Pain Episodes
• Blocking of blood flow in joints, muscles, etc
• Can be mild to severe
• Stroke
• Occurs when blockage occurs in the brain

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Treatments

• General Treatment
• The goal of treatment is to relieve pain,
  prevent infections, and control complications if
  they occur
• Treatments include medications, blood
  transfusions, and specific treatments for
  complications
• Bone marrow transplant
• Will provide new normal stem cells
• Because all blood cells arise from stem cells,
  providing the person with normal stem cells will
  assist in their production of normal red blood
  cells

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Concluding Remarks

• An inherited trait, not infectious
• Sickle caused by abnormal protein group
• Treatment possible, research for cure ongoing

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Video
Video 2 Sickle Cell Mouse (Non-Transplanted)
http//www.mssm.edu/labs/frenette/sickle_pnas.shtm
l