Emails, CDs, contributions, readings, midterm

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• Emails, CDs, contributions, readings, midterm
• Email make sure you do receive my emails
• If you do not, e-mail me (ffesnic_at_yahoo.com)
• Three weekly contributions (via email)
• Next week Globalization
• Friedman
• additions   Sen, How to Judge Globalism
  Wolf, Why Globalization Works
• Midterm Wednesday, November 14, 530 730 PM
• Provisional list with questions on line

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Developing Nations, Week 5 (10/31/07)

• Theories of Development
• Modernization vs. Dependency
• ( Electoral Systems) (( Inglehart))

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Roadmap

• Electoral systems
• Modernization
• Dependency
• Discussion/assessment
• Inglehart (modified modernization theory)
• Rationalist, cultural, structural theories
• Relevance for Romania?

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Electoral Systems

• uninominal ( Single-member district?)
• France, UK, USA?
• France (Basescu PSD) versus UK USA
• France SMD majority-plurality
• UK USA SMD plurality

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French system

• Advantages
• - winner with majority support
• - simple, intuitive
• - reduction in of parties(?) clear
  majority(?)
• Disadvantages
• - costly discourages participation
• - corruption?
• - backdoor deals?
• - further fragmentation weakening of parties?

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German system (?)

• APD/govt bill/project voter has one vote
• SMD total vote determines who is elected in SM
  districts (50)
• National vote determines total of seats for
  each party
• Remaining 50 seats given to second-place losers
  to ensure an overall proportional outcome
• Similar to the Albanian, not German system

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German system

• Voter has two votes (SMD vote party list vote)
• First vote determines who is elected in SMD
• Second vote more important determines overall
  partisan composition
• of seats in the second half for each party to
  make the overall result proportional (w second
  vote results)

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Example

• 100-member legislature, two-party system (Right
  Left)
• SMD Right 30 seats, Left 20 seats
• Second vote R 54, L 46
• Final results Right 54 seats (30 24), Left 46
  (20 26)

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Modernization Theory

• Initially the dominant paradigm
• Origins demise of colonialism
• Post-colonial countries direction?
• Modernization becoming like the West
• How? Two tasks

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First task value change

• Traditional values
• Modern values
• (universalistic standards)

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Agents of value change
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Second task institutional change

• Modern political institutions
• Modern economic institutions

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Examplemodern bureaucracy

• Professionalization training
• Merit-based
• Decision-making uniform consistent standards

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Modernization value change institutional
change
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Critique Conflict Theory

• Modernization theory too optimistic?
• Do all good things go together?
• Conservative critique (Huntington)
• Authoritarianism a necessary evil?

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Cultural Change Reevaluation

• Modified version of modernization
• - traditional/modern contrast?
• - appeal of modern (Western) values?
• - reevaluation of traditional values

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Dependency Theory

• Challenged modernizations most fundamental
  assumptions
• Timing is important!
• Western influence?
• Modernization Western influence is beneficial
• Dependency Western influence is harmful

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Dependency

• World system core periphery
• Core advanced capitalist nations
• Periphery developing nations

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DependencyWestern influence

• Unequal core/periphery relationship
• Economic dependency
• Political dependency

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Dependency TheoryCaveats

• Evidence?
• Associated dependent development (F. H. Cardoso)
• Negative social consequences
• Negative political consequences

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A crucial test East Asia

• (East Asia the giraffe of dependency theory)
• Economic growth and even income distribution
• (also democratic, except Singapore)
• According to dependency theorists, East Asia did
  all the wrong things

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Current perspective

• No single theory of development
• Neither modernization, nor dependency
• Both useful, both limited
• Focus on more specific issues

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Modernization vs. Dependency
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Modernization vs. Dependency
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Modernization vs. Dependency
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Modernization vs. Dependency
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Modernization vs. Dependency
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Inglehart

• A revised version of modernization theory
• Economic development leads to specific,
  functionally related changes in mass values and
  belief systems (p. 35)
• Inglehart vs. (classical) modernization theory
• Ingleharts two important caveats

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(i) Change is non-linear

• Modern society
• Postmodern society
• Traditional society

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A revised theory of modernization

• The process of economic development leads to two
  successive trajectories, Modernization and
  Postmodernization
• Social change is not linear advanced industrial
  societies have reached an inflection point and
  begun moving on a new trajectory

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Ingleharts caveats

• Change is not linear (postmodernization)
• Non-economic factors are as important as economic
  factors in shaping culture (e.g., religious
  institutions, political experience, language,
  geographic location)

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Rationalist, culturalist, structuralist
explanations

• How/where does Lim differ from Handelman?
• Does Lim bring anything new and/or different?
• What is the relevance of all of this for Romania?