Turbulence

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Turbulence
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Dangers

• Loss of Airspeed at Low Altitude
• Structural Failure
• Passenger Injury

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Mechanical Turbulence
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Iraq Downburst 2005 - dust
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Frontal Zone
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Surface flow is northeast cold air
advection South to southeasterly low level jet
warm, moist air which is lifted over the cold
dome
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Winter Storms
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Clear Air Turbulence
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Summary

• El Niño is present across the equatorial
  Pacific Ocean.
• Sea surface temperatures (SST) were at least
  1.0ºC above-average across much of the central
  and east-central equatorial Pacific.
• Based on current observations and model
  forecasts, El Niño is expected to strengthen and
  last through Northern Hemisphere winter 2009-10.

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