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Russia ST

• Highlight
• The first Compendium on Science Research
  Cooperation between the
• European Union and the Russian Federation
  highlighted. Full text
• ST Policy and International Cooperation
• Russia to test its nuclear deterrent with
  supercomputers - President Dmitry Medvedev claims
  that Russia's Security Council will discuss a
  series of projects on the development of
  supercomputers to test the effectiveness of the
  country's nuclear deterrent. Full text
• Russia puts 350 MLN into European X-RAY laser
  project - Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin
  signed a government order on Russia's
  participation in an ambitious laser research
  project to be based in Germany. Full text
• Russia to spend 3.8 BLN on nuclear energy
  technology in 2010-2012 - Russia will allocate
  over 120 billion rubles (3.8 billion) for a
  federal program to develop new generation nuclear
  energy technology in 2010-2012. Full text
• NEXT

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• Modern clean explosion technology - The
  explosives experts at the Institute for Explosion
  
• Physics of Russian Federal Nuclear Centre the
  All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental
• Physics have developed a new technology of
  explosions used for construction teardown. The
• technology is not only clean but also ensures
  maximum safety for neighbouring objects and
• people. The explosive pressure generator (EPG)
  has already received an inventors certificate.
• Full text
•  
• Floatation power plant gained international
  acceptance - Researchers developed a new
• power generation principle based on wave energy,
  which is more efficient as compared to existing
• analogues. Full text
• Electricity-generating forest belt - Wind-driven
  powerplants will be more efficient if coupled
  with
• forest plantations. The main requirement to
  ensure this is a correct way of planting the
  trees. The
• experts at the All-Russian Research Institute for
  Agricultural Afforestation have completed all
• necessary calculations. Full text
• List of upcoming events

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PROBLEM OF OZONE.rtf
A CHIP TO DETECT AND PREDICT CANCER Imagine a
possibility to detect cancer in a human body by a
single malignant cell. And in case when there is
no such cell, an opportunity to predict whether
the disease might develop in the future in 10
or 20 years. Medicine might probably get such a
capability soon due to a microchip being created
by Russian researchers. The researchers at
Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic
Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, are
studying a method of detecting cancer,
identifying its location in the body, or
predicting its development using special chips.
The chips based on synthetic antigens are being
created at the Carbohydrate Chemistry laboratory
led by Professor Nikolai Bovin. The point of the
method is the diagnostics of the reaction of
blood serum autoantibodies to specific antigens
used in the chip. Thus, it is possible to find
out whether a person is healthy or suffers from
cancer. If an oncological disease is detected the
analysis will allow to identify the exact
location of the tumour. In this case the person
must start the treatment immediately. If the
tested person is healthy the number of the
antibodies can indicate a possible susceptibility
to illness in the future. Than it will be
recommended that he or she should be examined
regularly in order to prevent the dangerous
disease. Currently, the chip is under detailed
tests in the US and at the Moscow Oncological
Centre. According to the researchers, the
diagnostics is not going to cost much. Further
details Human blood serum contains a wide range
of antibodies. They target the bodys own
tissues the carbohydrate antigens located on
the surface of the healthy cells. The research
group led by Professor Bovin has chemically
synthesized over 200 carbohydrates acting as
antigens typical to a human cell the molecular
target for detecting the appropriate antibodies
in the blood. The researchers plan to use them
for cancer diagnostics. If the cell transforms
pathologically new antigens appear in the body
and the level of certain antibodies increases
immediately. Such diagnostics is intended to be
very accurate. The amount of the
tumour-associated antigens is negligibly small
but there are quite enough antibodies to detect
them using the modern microchip approach. The
researchers just need to identify the antibodies
and to recognize the exact disease. The
developers claim that they have already
identified specific groups of marker antigens
for the breast cancer, some types of the
carcinoma of lung, and the ovarian
carcinoma. If there is a lack of certain
autoantibodies in the organism the level of
resistibility to a disease decreases. It allows
to evaluate the pain points of the organism.
The diagnostics method being developed will be
able to detect undesired susceptibility to
illnesses. The researchers say that the analysis
is not going to be expensive. More than 200
carbohydrate antigens can be
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• placed on the surface of a single chip and one
  milligram of the carbohydrates is enough to fill
• several million of chips.
• The new diagnostic method is currently being
  successfully tested. The researchers intend to
• find a way to evaluate the effectiveness of
  treating cancer with various medicines as well as
  
• detecting other diseases such as diabetes and
  infectious diseases. In addition, the new
• development will be able to revolutionize the
  production of high-quality blood preparation,
• claims the research leader.
• We have been studying the issues of antibodies
  for 20 years, says Nikolai Bovin. We
• have accumulated a lot of experience and
  knowledge that give us the confidence that the
• antibody-based diagnostics can possibly lead to
  real miracles. So we want to implement these
• knowledge and confidence into something material,
  a particular medical product. It all depends
• on whether we will be able to find investors and
  government or private support.
• The study is conducted according to the Program
  for Basic Research of the Presidium of
• Russian Academy of Sciences The Molecular and
  Cell Biology.
• Source of information The Informnauka,
  Academicians M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A.

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SURFACTANT SPECIES AGAINST ICING
NANOTRANSPORTERS FOR MEDICINES At the 1st
International Summer School Nano2009
Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology in Living
Systems which ended on 5 July, 2009, the issues
of nanotechnology deployment in medicine and
biology were among the topics. What is the need
in the nano in living systems? The answer
might be long and detailed but an example might
serve as the best explanation. The most
interesting ones are worth telling about. Many
researches which results were presented at the
event addressed the issue of the fight against
oncological diseases. Why are nanomaterials and
nanotechnologies so important and why does the
size matter? The researchers say that the size
can help to increase the effectiveness of a
medicine, that is, to ensure that it will reach
the most vulnerable areas of the tumour cells
cell nucleus, for example. One of the methods of
treating oncological diseases which attracts the
most attention of the scientists is the
photodynamic therapy based on the introduction of
special substances into the body that initiate a
photochemical reaction when exposed to a ray of
light with a certain wavelength resulting in the
cells death. But the problem is that the
photosensitizer can accumulate anywhere in the
cell except the nucleus. But the active oxygen
form determining the photosensitizer properties
provides the highest effectiveness when
introduced into the nucleus. That means that it
needs to be delivered into the nucleus. The
researches showed that in this case the
preparation effectiveness increased thousandfold.
However, it is necessary not only to grow the
effectiveness of the medicine but also to ensure
cell selectivity, that is, to deliver the
medicine exactly to the tumour cells in order not
to harm the healthy ones. One of the attendees
of the 1st International Summer School was
Alexander Sobolev, Doctor of Biology, Professor,
the head of the laboratory at the Biological
department of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University, the head of the Intracellular
Transport Molecular Genetics laboratory at the
Institute for Gene Biology, Russian Academy of
Sciences. He reported on a very interesting
approach to the issue involving a nanotransporter
which can provide not only for high
effectiveness of treatment but also for a
selective action. According to the Professor,
such nanotrasporter should be modular. This
requirement is the direct result of the tasks
the researchers have tried to accomplish. First,
the recognition of a tumour cell had to be
addressed. Such recognition is most often
realized using receptors that get bound with the
module and absorb it (the cell membrane bulges
inside) with the transporter penetrating the
cell. But even if the nanotransporter is then
inside the cell it is in a bound state, however,
floating in the cytoplasm as a vesicle. The
vesicle membrane does not allow the transporter
to get to the nucleus. Therefore, the transporter
must have a module that could help it to leave
the vesicle and reach the nucleus.
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Thus, there are three issues to be addressed to
deliver the transporter to the nucleus and
three nanotransporter modules providing the
solution to the problem. A module is also
required to attach the medicine to. The
modules can be changed and replaced. Therefore,
the reduced forms of the transporters without
some of the modules were also studied. It was
required to assess the necessity of each module.
The researches showed that the reduced
transporters ensure poorer results. At first,
we had to prove that this approach works, which
we did by linking the modules using bifunctional
agents. Our next step was using real-world
constructions. Those constructions must be
technological and addressing real targets that
is, tumour cells only, says Alexander
Sobolev. Modular nanotransporters were built
based on polypeptides. Preliminary research and
tests on mice showed that the effectiveness of
the treatment increased by more than 3.000 times.
Source of information The Informnauka, 1st
International Summer School Nano-2009
Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology in Living
Systems. Further information Alexander
Sobolev, Doctor of Biology, Professor, the head
of the laboratory at the Biological department
of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, the
head of the Intracellular Transport Molecular
Genetics laboratory at the Institute for Gene
Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, tel.
[phone], e-mailsobolev_at_igb.ac.ru
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• ULTRASPEED AND DURABLE INSULIN
• Pancreatic diabetes is currently one of the most
  common hormonal pathologies. According to the
• World Health Organization (WHO), over 100 million
  people worldwide suffer from the disease. In
• Russia, there are more than 2.5 million
  officially registered people suffering from
  pancreatic
• diabetes.
• The researchers at the Institute of Bioorganic
  Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, are
• working on genetically engineered insulin analogs
  with ultraspeed or durable action as compared
• to traditional dosage forms of the preparation.
• The researchers at the Institute of Bioorganic
  Chemistry are developing the technologies of two
• genetically engineered insulin analogs of
  ultra-short and durable action, respectively. The
  former
• will allow for a significantly faster reduction
  of the glucose level in the blood of a patient
  and the
• latter is going to have a durable action as one
  injection of the preparation can substitute from
• three to four doses of traditional insulin. Such
  drug forms already exist abroad and are sold in
  the
• Russian market. The researchers claim, however,
  that domestic analogs are going to be
• significantly less expensive than imported
  medicines.

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NANOLARCH AT THE SERVICE OF MEDICINE
MODERN CLEAN EXPOLOSION TECHNOLOGY The
explosives experts at the Institute for Explosion
Physics of Russian Federal Nuclear Centre the
All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental
Physics have developed a new technology of
explosions used for construction teardown. The
technology is not only clean but also ensures
maximum safety for neighbouring objects and
people. The explosive pressure generator (EPG)
has already received an inventors
certificate. Such devices are used to tear down
large-size construction as well as for extraction
of high- strength block building stone. The
technologies employing the EPG provide high
levels of safety, ecological cleanness and
ensure low power inputs. The issues of the
neighbouring objects protection and the safety of
works are very urgent in the area of
construction teardown. These are addressed by the
explosive pressure generators that are being
developed at the Institute for Explosion Physics
of Russian Federal Nuclear Centre by the team
consisting og Evgeny Moiseev, Ph. D. (Technics),
Vladimir Khvorostin, Ph. D. (Technics), and
Anatoli Botvinkin, Ph. D. (Technics) and led by
Anatoli Mikhailov, Doctor of Technics, the
director of the Institute. The multiuse EPG
operation is based on a violent obtaining of a
large amount of gas making an effect of a so
called gas-dynamic wedge. EPGs are installed into
the blastholes of the object being demolished.
Nonexplosive binary compounds, special industrial
explosives or deflagration compositions can
serve as sourced of the gas. According to the
developers, the main advantages of using such
devices are the lack of a shock air wave that
can damage the neighbouring objects and the
personnel the lack of shattering action
accompanied with fragmentation and forming of
flying rocks negligibly small seismic load
storage and transportation safety. The
demonstration testing of the new devices was
performed in Vozrozhdeniye granite quarry near
Vyborg. A large high-strength granite block 2.5 x
2.5 x 2 meters in size was broken into two parts
with ten EPGs (about 10 kg each). The surfaces of
the crack were smooth and flat with no
contaminations. The interdependencies of physical
quantities such as EPG loading density,
blasthole depth, distance between the blastholes
for a particular granite type, were identified
empirically in the course of work. Besides
large-size construction teardown, the new
technology might be used for the extraction of
high-strength block building stone, say the
researchers. According to the experts, given the
lack of the already developed and potential
block building stone deposits, the need for
saving and sparing production technologies has
grown. Such technologies should avoid shock or
seismic overloads, and ensure there is no
debris, dust, and hazardous emissions which are
typical for most methods that are currently in
use.
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• At the Geneva Invention Show held in April in
  Geneva (Switzerland), the EPG application
• technology was awarded a Gold medal.
• Source the Informnauka, the Russian Federal
  Nuclear Centre the All-Russian Research
• Institute of Experimental Physics.
• Further information Anatoli Mikhailov, director
  of the Institute for Experimental Gas Dynamics
• and Explosion Physics of the Russian Federal
  Nuclear Centre the All-Russian Research
• Institute of Experimental Physics, Doctor of
  Technics, gas dynamics expert, the winner of two
• RF Government Awards for Science and Technology,
  10, Muzrukov avenue, Sarov, Nizhny
• Novgorod region, tel. [phone], 42141.

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LABORATORY MICE HAVE NOW A CAUSE FOR JOY
FLOATATION POWER PLANT GAINED INTRERNATIONAL
ACCEPTANCE Nature provides us with extensive
opportunities for utilization of renewable energy
sources (RESs) the Sun, wind, thermal springs,
flows, sea and ocean waves. Although the total
RES capacity significantly exceeds capacity
reserved in fossil energy sources, actual
utilization of RESs is still impeded their
energy is too dispersed and the methods of energy
accumulation are still too expensive as
compared to traditional sources coal, oil and
gas. The Moscow researchers at the Prikladnyie
Tekhnologii (Applied Technologies) Ltd. claim
there exists a renewable source where energy is
more concentrated that is sea waves. They have
developed a new power generation principle based
on wave energy, which is more efficient as
compared to existing analogues. While the
majority of wave-energy transformation devices
work passively, simply perceiving force action
from waves and transforming it at different
efficiency according to the intended purpose.
The device developed by the Moscow researchers
allows for a special vibration mechanism, which
acts in concord with rough sea and efficiently
transforms wave energy into electric power. The
device is a floatation capsule drifting upon
water surface. It can be placed either in the
vicinity of the coast or far from it. It is
either necessary to fasten the capsule to a
fixed object or to install multiple
interconnected capsules. In the latter case,
their total capacity may reach several dozens of
megawatts. Floatation power plants can be used
to supply energy for coastal and insular
settlements, floating plants, sea oil derricks.
According to the developers assessment,
electricity charges will make no more than 2
Rubles per kWh in this case, and capital
expenditure for power plant construction will be
repaid within two years, the total useful life
making dozens of years. According to Alexander
Temeev, development manager, Director General of
the Prikladnyie Tekhnologii (Applied
Technologies) Ltd., floatation power plants in
Russia would be most promising in non-freezing
water areas of the Barents Sea, as a regional or
seasonal energy source at the Black, Caspian
and Far Eastern Seas. Besides, Alexander Temeev
believes, it is not necessary to use the seas,
which surround Russia directly. In the Northern
Sea, in the Atlantic Ocean and other oceans,
there are multiple water areas, where high
average annual wave-generating activity is
inherent in. If floatation power plants are
installed there upon agreement with the coastal
countries, there will be an opportunity to
participate in supplying these countries with
electric power. An alternative option for
utilization of floatation power plants (in
addition to direct electric power generation)
is getting hydrogen from sea water via
electrolysis, water decomposition into hydrogen
and oxygen under the influence of current. The
Moscow researchers have already developed the
electrolysis device dummy, which consumes
specifically sea water. Such application is
promising for export version, for the countries
that are actively developing
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• hydrogen power engineering and are planning to
  pass to hydrogen economy in the future, that
• is the economy focused on using hydrogen as a
  main source of fuel.
• The floatation power plant project developed by
  the Russian researchers is of interest to power
• engineering specialists all over the world.
  There are a lot of proposals for cooperation
  from
• Norway, the UK, Denmark, Spain, Italy, China,
  Taiwan, Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Alexander
• Temeev cites.
• The development by the Russian researchers has
  recently got official recognition at the
• international level as well. In April 2009, the
  Russian researchers were presented with the
• winner certificate at the annual international
  Energy Globe contest in the nomination of
• national project from Russia. The Energy
  Globe contest in the sphere of innovative energy
  
• technologies, utilization of renewable energy
  sources, stable evolution and environmental
• protection is held annually by the International
  Foundation of Energy Globe jointly with the
• European Commission.
• Source of information Informnauka, Temeev
  A.A., Sladkov O.S., Temeev S.A. Dynamic
• model of floating converter for wave energy.
  Teploenergetika (Heat-and-Power Engineering),
• (2008), 12, 27-34

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• ELECTRICITY-GENERATING FOREST BELT
• Wind-driven powerplants will be more efficient if
  coupled with forest plantations. The main
• requirement to ensure this is a correct way of
  planting the trees. The experts at the
  All-Russian
• Research Institute for Agricultural
  Afforestation, led by Vladimir Ivanov,
  Academician of Russian
• Academy of Agricultural Sciences, have completed
  all necessary calculations.
• Forest shelter belts are able not only to prevent
  the soil eolation but also assist in agriculture
• electrification provided a correct conjunction
  with wind-driven powerplants (WDPs) is in place.
• The vertical component of the wind speed is
  higher over the tree tops as compared to the
  plains
• which provides a significant increase of the WDP
  energy-conversion efficiency. The experts at the
• All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural
  Afforestation were the first to calculate the
  right way
• of placing the power plants depending on the
  plantation geometry. To do that, the researchers
• have created mathematical models and even built a
  real forest belt model in a wind tunnel by
• substituting the trees with the redstem wormwood.
• When the wind blows over the trees the airflow
  slows down and goes upward. This results in the
• increase of the speed of the wind blowing over
  the forests. Of course, the level of the slowdown
  
• depends on the size of the obstacle.

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• Source of information V. I. Petrov, S. Yu.
  Turko, Yu. I. Vasilyev, The Use of Forest
  Plantations to
• Increase the Energy-Conversion Efficiency of the
  Wind-Driven Powerplants. Doklady Academii
• Nauk (Proceedings of the Russian Academy of
  Agricultural Sciences), 2009, 2
• Further information Vladimir Petrov, Doctor of
  Agriculture, Professor, Academician of Russian
• Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the head of the
  department at the All-Russian Research
• Institute for Agricultural Afforestation,
  Volgograd vnialmi_at_avtlg.ru

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E.J. Krause Associates, Inc.together with The
Instrument commission of the Russian Academy of
SciencesorganizedSIMEXPO 2009The 3nd
International specialised Exhibition of devices
and equipment for scientific researcheswww.simexp
o.ruwill be held on 29 September 01 October,
2009 

• Supported by
•        Russian Academy of Sciences
•        Federal Agency for Technical Regulation
  and Metrology
•        Federal Agency for Science and
  Innovations
•        Russian Foundation for Fundamental
  Research
• SIMEXPO FORUM will gather representatives of key
  local and international manufacturers of
  scientific devices and equipment for researches
  in various fields of science, producers of
  materials and components for scientific devices,
  as well as representative offices and dealers of
  leading international companies.
• The SIMEXPO FORUM Advisory Board which is
  responsible for the show concept development and
  implementation includes well-known scientists and
  top-managers of leading research institutes and
  companies. 
• Main topics
•         Measuring, testing, laboratory devices
  and equipment for scientific research in
•                    physics
•                    chemistry
•                    biology
•                    biotechnology
•                    medicine
•                    ecology
•                    geology
•                    agricultural science
•                    information science
•                    experimental mechanics

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