Chapter 32 ALLOWANCES

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Chapter 32 ALLOWANCES

• Allowances can be given as a percent of work time
  or as a percent of shift time and hence they have
  two names
• Work Allowance
• Shift Allowance

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ALLOWANCE
Allowance is basically some additional time for
personal needs (drink water, go to the restroom,
fatigue and delays) Standard time Normal Time
Allowances Shift allowance Allowance time /
Standard time Work allowance Allowance time /
Normal time This clearly shows that shift
allowance is a little bigger value than work
allowance.
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ALLOWANCE

• Allowance versus Pace ExampleTable 32.1
• Machine time allowance We tend to give lesser
  allowance to the operator who is dealing with an
  automatic machine. Consideration is given about
  loading, unloading, visual and hearing
  activities. This allowance is called Machine Time
  Allowance
• Who Determines Allowance--Decisions made at two
  levels
• Setting up the basic tables (Political)
• Interpreting tables for specific jobs (Different
  allowances)

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ALLOWANCE

• There are basically three kinds of allowances
• Personal Allowances
• Fatigue Allowances
• Delay Allowances

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PERSONAL ALLOWANCE

• Personal allowance are given for things such as
  blowing nose, going to the restroom, getting a
  drink of water, smoking and so forth
• Many organizations have standard break periods
• Some firms also give out special allowance for
  clean ups after operations, travel allowance etc.
• There is no scientific basis for finding out
  personal allowances. It generally depends on
  working conditions.

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FATIGUE ALLOWANCE

• The rationale of fatigue allowance is to
  compensate the person for the time lost due to
  fatigue.
• It is based on the task and not on the operator
• Machine time may affect personal, fatigue and
  delay allowance (example)
• Fatigue allowance is again basically divided into
  three categories
• Physical
• Mental
• Environmental

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FATIGUE ALLOWANCE

• Physical
• This has four categories. (Tables on pg.
  580-583)
• Material handling (considers local or whole body
  load)
• Short cycle (lack of recovery time)
• Posture of static load(standing, squatting,
  crouching)
• Restrictive clothing (heavy weight of gloves,
  breathing apparatus etc)

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FATIGUE ALLOWANCE

• Mental Allowance
• Environmental Allowance
• a) Climate
• b) Noise / Vibration
• c) Visual

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DELAY ALLOWANCE

• Delay allowances are meant to compensate the
  operator for short delays beyond the control of
  an operator
• Again, this allowance should also relate to the
  task and not the operator

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DELAY ALLOWANCE

• Some examples are machine breakdowns, interrupted
  material flow, conversations with supervisors,
  machine maintenance and cleaning
• Delay allows worker to take some personal
  allowance and recover from fatigue

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ALLOWANCE

• Allowances for boredom, monotony, lack of feeling
  of accomplishment, and the other ones are
  questionable. These factors do not fit into any
  kind of explanation of the different allowances
  but reflect unpleasantness and hence should be
  reflected in the wage rate per hour rather than
  in the time / unit