The Information Superhighway

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The Information Superhighway

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An Information Infrastruture

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Infrastructure

• promote economic gain
• increase a countrys competitive edge
• National Information Infrastructure
• expensive to build - last mile problem
• funding- National Research and Educational
  Network (NREN) - link universities

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Services

• need new services to pay for expensive structure
• example - on demand video
• downstream bandwidth - refers to the capacity of
  a channel to deliver info to the customer
• upstream bandwidth - from the customer to the
  service provider

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Growth

• over 150,000 customers are becoming connected to
  Internet
• look at the problem of CompuServe
• the superhighway is not yet here, but close and
  we call it the Internet
• Internet is a WAN

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History

• started in 1969
• ARPANET - Advanced Research Projects Agency
  Network
• linked DOD research centers with universities
• developed the popular TCP/IP protocol
• no central headquarters - possible nuclear attack

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History

• Backbone first provided by National Science
  Foundation (NSF) NSF net
• Backbone now provided by various corporations
• Various corporations help define standards
• Internet2
• Next Generation internet (NGI)

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NGI and Internet 2

• 2 big networks in the US
• NGI - Next Generation Internet
• promise to be 10 to 1000 xs faster
• more than 600 million earmarked
• first offer services to educational and
  governmental research

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Decentralized

• uncontrollable growth
• largest e-mail system in the world
• 1/3 of all business mail is sent electronically
• mail addresses have 2 parts
• user name and domain name

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

• Internet Service Providers and Online Services
• Have permanent connections to the Internet
• Provide temporary connections to individuals and
  companies for a fee
• Local and national ISPs
• Online services offer member only areas

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

• Connecting to the Internet
• Business or school network connected to the
  Internet
• Dial-up Access
• ISDN
• Cable Modems
• Wireless
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

• How Data travels the Internet
• Servers
• Clients
• Packets
• Routers
• Packet Switching
• TCP IP (Transmission Control Protocol
  Internet Protocol)

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

• How Data Travels the Internet
• Backbone
• Network Access Points (NAPs)
• Metropolitan Area Exchanges (MAEs)
• National ISPs (Backbone providers)

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

• Internet Addresses
• IP (Internet Protocol) Address
• Geographic Region
• Company or Organization
• Computer Group
• Specific Computer
• Domain Name
• Top Level Domain (.edu, .com, .net etc..)
• Purdue (purdue.edu) and MIT(mit.edu) were among
  the first 10 domain names registered in the world

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Communications Connectivity
The Internet

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Communications Connectivity
The Internet

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Communications Connectivity
The Internet

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Communications Connectivity
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
The Internet

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E-MAIL

• jdoe_at_account.smith.com
• jdoe is username
• account is a name of a machine
• smith is the name of the company
• .com is the domain name category

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Communications Connectivity
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
The Internet

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Communications Connectivity
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
The Internet

Telnet
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Telnet

• run programs on a remote host, play interactive
  games, and use remote library card catalogs
• Internets remote login application
• once connected , the session appears to be same
  as if you terminal connected to that host

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Communications Connectivity
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
The Internet

Telnet
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Communications Connectivity
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
The Internet

Telnet
File Transfer Protocol
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FTP

• File Transfer Protocal
• ftp is a client program
• use it to access public files (archives)

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Communications Connectivity
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
The Internet

Telnet
File Transfer Protocol
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Communications Connectivity
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
The Internet

Telnet
File Transfer Protocol
Gopher
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Communications Connectivity
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
The Internet

Telnet
File Transfer Protocol
Gopher
WWW
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Communications Connectivity
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
The Internet

Telnet
File Transfer Protocol
Gopher
World Wide Web
WWW
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THE WORLD WIDE WEB

• WWW
• Started in 1991
• Hyperlinks (Links)
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http//)
• Web Server
• Web Master

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Browser

• Software that retrieves, interprets and displays
  Web pages
• 2 major browsers Internet Explorer, Netscape
  Navigator
• Netscape is the improved commercial version of
  Mosaic, the first graphical web browser created
  in 1993 by University of Illinois students

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URL

• Uniform Resource Locator
• address composed of a protocol identifier, a
  server address and a file pathname
• example http//www.netscape.com/home/welcome.html

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URL Disected

• http is the protocol
• netscape is the server
• com is the type
• netscape.com is the domain name
• /home/welcome.html is the pathname
• /home is the folder
• welcome is the filename
• html is the extension

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URL

• domain names in a URL are case-sensitive
• Internet sites continuously undergo name and
  address changes

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Finding Whats Cool

• spend too much time searching for unique and
  interesting site
• Netscape routinely scouts the Internet for
  unusual sites and then places links to those URLs
  on its Whats Cool page.
• Netscape also compiles a list of Whats New.
  Anyone can submit the name and URL of a new page,
  but Netscape reserves the right to reject any
  entry

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OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

• Chat Rooms
• Real Time Conversation
• Channels
• Chat Clients
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
• Microsoft Chat

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OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

• Instant Messaging
• Notifies when certain people you select are
  online
• Allows you to exchange messages or join private
  chat

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OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

• Portals
• A Web site designed to offer a variety of
  Internet services from a single convenient
  location
• Free Services
• Search Engine
• News
• Weather
• Sports
• E-mail, shopping and chat rooms
• Web communities

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ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (e-commerce)

• Conducting Business Activities Online
• Electronic Data Interchange
• Three types of commerce
• Business to Consumer (B-to-C , B2C)
• Consumer to Consumer (C-to-C , C2C)
• Business to Business (B-to-B , B2B)
• Electronic Money
• Digital Certificates

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Connectivity

Fall 1996
Full Access to World-Wide Computer Network
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Future

• modem speeds have increased, so has the amount of
  bandwidth the many Internet applications use
• to prevent future traffic jams, some major
  Internet projects are underway