NSF Particle Physics

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NSF Particle Physics Particle and Nuclear
Astrophysics Programs

• Fermilab Users Meeting31 May 01 June, 2006
• R. Boyd, M. Goldberg, J. Kotcher, M. Pripstein,
  R. Ruchti, J. Stone

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Outline

• Program description, overview
• Budgets funding
• Award types
• US LHC operations support
• Deep Underground Science and Engineering
  Laboratory (DUSEL)
• ILC
• Closing remarks

Note throughout this talk, EPP Experimental
Particle Physics, PNA Particle and Nuclear
Astrophysics
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NSF Act of 1950

• To promote the progress of science
• NSB (24) and 1 Director, appointed by the
  President
• Encourage develop a national policy for the
  promotion of basic research and education in
  math, physical, medical, biological, engineering
  and other sciences
• Initiate support basic scientific research in
  the sciences
• Provide information for science and engineering
  policy development

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NSF Organizational Structure
OISE/OCI/OPP
MPS
Broader Impacts, Added Value, Partnerships
OISE Office of International Science/Eng, OPP
Office of Polar Programs,OCI Office of
CyberInfrastructure
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Particle Physics in Transition

• Discovery potential never greater new chapter
• LHC will dominate accelerator-based HEP in the
  near future, many US projects phasing out
• Next generation frontier accelerator requires
  multibillion investment and international
  cooperation
• Vision is emerging, but is not yet totally clear
  (EPP 2010, HEPAP, subpanels)
• Intellectual breadth of NSF program reaches
  beyond energy frontier, and accelerators in
  general
• NSF supports 10 of US program, 40 of
  university activities
• DOE is primary steward of national accelerator
  complex and will lead the ILC campaign
• NSF will increase investment to broaden field,
  e.g. DUSEL, while supporting university groups
  across frontiers

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NSF FY07 Priorities

• From Feb 06 talk by M. Turner on FY07 Rollout
• Advancing the Frontier (grant support)
• Facility Stewardship, Instrumentation and
  CyberInfrastructure
• Broadening Participation
• Education and Workforce Development

15M increase for EPP in FY07 budget request
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Advancing the Frontier

• Elementary Particle Physics (EPP), fundamental
  research across
• the energy frontier the attempt to discover new
  fundamental particles and laws of physics by
  studying collisions at the highest energies
  achievable with current and future accelerators
• the neutrino frontier exploration of the
  properties of the neutrino, a particle now known
  to carry mass and believed to be fundamental to
  understanding the developing universe and
• the cosmic frontier the study of dark matter
  and dark energy.
• Physics of the universe (POU), a set of
  activities carried out in partnership with DOE
  and NASA for exploring
• the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy
• the earliest phases in development of the
  universe
• the fundamental nature of time, matter and space
  and
• the role of gravitation.

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Overall EPP/PNA Goals

• Empowering university-based investigators
• Adding value
• Partnerships
• Building interdisciplinary collaboration
• Increasingly relevant as scope of EPP/PNA broaden
  
• Broadening Participation
• Single investigators
• Non-traditional, under-represented participants
• Research in Undergraduate Institutions (RUIs)
• Education and Outreach Activities
• Above are among criteria for proposal review

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EPP/PNA Portfolio

• University Program
• Accelerator- and non-accelerator based physics
• Computational physics
• CESR
• LHC Construction and Operations
• DUSEL
• Accelerator and Detector RD (APPI)
• ILC-related, and other, support
• Coordination with related disciplines, groups
• Partnerships
• PNA plays central role in funding a number of
  projects
• HiRes, Veritas, Auger, CDMS, Xenon, WARP,
  PICASSO, DRIFT, Milagro, QUIET, STACEE,

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MPS by Division
MPS Directorate for Mathematical and Physical
Sciences
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10-Year Funding History
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Base and Allied Funding EPP, PNA, Theory
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Base Detail EPP, PNA, Theory
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Funding History
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Distribution of Accelerator-Based University
Group Funding (FY05)
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Base-funded FTEs (FY05)
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Partnerships

• Cyberscience
• Tier 2 centers for LHC data analysis with OCI
• UltraLight with OCI
• Trillium/Open Science Grid (OSG) with OCI and
  DOE
• Education with research
• QuarkNet OMA, EHR and DOE/HEP
• CHEPREO with OMA, OCI, EHR, OISE
• I2U2 with OMA, EHR, PHY
• Mariachi OCI funded
• CyberBridges OCI funded

OCI Office of CyberInfrastructure, OMA Office
of Multidisciplinary Activities, EHR Education
and Human Resources, OISE Office of
International Science and Engineering
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Larger Award Types

• MREFC Major Research Equipment and Facilities
  Construction
• Awards for projects which exceed a minimum of
  100M over the project life. Involves the
  National Science Board (NSB) directly. Timing
  depends upon Division, Directorate NSF
  priority, project readiness, etc.
• DUSEL, LIGO, LHC Construction, CLEO, IceCube
• MRI Major Research Infrastructure
• Awards for developing university scientific
  infrastructure. Proposal deadline is late
  January of a given year.
• Two award maxima, by type (800k, 2M)
• Portions of the DØ Upgrade, MICE electronics
  development

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Coming New NSF Initiative

• Mid-Scale Instrumentation
• In the planning phase
• An Opportunity
• Intermediate between MRI and MREFC
• gt2M, lt100M
• 5 year time frame
• Various possibilities
• An experiment
• Upgrades
• Accelerator, Detector RD,
• Equipment

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LHC GRID Computing Tier Structure
NSF
University Regional Tier 2 Center
PCs
University
New York Times To users at Universities,
thousands of computers and millions of gigabytes
of data will look like one single computing
engine of unprecedented power.
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QuarkNet
I saw the teachers change to teacher/apprentice
scientists and this changed how they are viewed
by their students.
QuarkNet will involve 100,000 students from 600
US high schools
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NSF Funding of US LHC

• Highest Priority of EPP 2010 Report (NRC, May
  2006) is to Fully exploit opportunities afforded
  byLHC.
• Earlier this month, the NSF National Science
  Board approved the grant proposals for the full
  amount requested - 87M over 5 years, beginning
  in FY07 - for US LHC ATLAS and CMS Detector
  Operations

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EPP 2010 on Diversity
Particle physics, like all of other elements of
the scientific enterprise, explores the unknown,
and this inevitably requires shouldering some
uncertainty. Thus, it is important to maintain a
diverse and comprehensive portfolio of research
activities from theory to accelerator RD to
the construction of new experimental facilities
to efforts to probe entirely new areas. From
Findings and Recommendations In particular, it
is important to recall the strategic necessity of
mounting, regardless of budgetary constraints, a
comprehensive program that reflects a diversity
of scientific opportunities and approaches to the
scientific challenges facing particle physics.
Under no circumstances, therefore, should the
committees top two or three priorities be
permitted to exhaust the entire available budget.
Indeed, in the most pessimistic budget
scenariothe level of resources invested in the
priorities outlined below would need to be
modified, but the need for pursuing a diversified
research portfolio would be unchanged.
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Ground TruthFrontier Science and Engineering
Deep Underground
Creating large stopes size of cavity vs depth
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DUSEL Overview

• Broad, rich, multidisciplinary scientific program
• Biology, Engineering, Geosciences, Physics
• Intrinsically strong program for education,
  outreach
• Excellent match to NSF mission
• Offers opportunity for growth, diversity during
  difficult time in particle physics, other
  disciplines
• Many new and unique challenges
• Multi-purpose national laboratory that will serve
  variety of scientific communities over many
  decades
• New collaborations with other disciplines,
  organizations
• Laboratory infrastructure responsibility of NSF,
  experiments will be joint DOE/NSF ( foreign)
  initiatives
• Collaborative approach being sought with DOE from
  outset

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http//nngroup.physics.sunysb.edu/husep/
Henderson DUSEL
Unearthing the Secrets of the Universe,
Underground

• Chang Kee Jung
• Stony Brook University
• P5 Meeting
• Fermilab, April 18, 2006

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(No Transcript)
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DUSEL Status

• Two sites currently under consideration
• Henderson Mine, Empire, CO (near Denver)
• PI Chang-Kee Jung, SUNY Stony Brook
• Homestake Mine, Lead, SD (near Rapid City)
• PI Kevin Lesko, LBL
• Conceptual Design Reports will be submitted 23
  June 2006
• Down-select to single site targeted for summer
  2006
• Site-specific technical design follows
• Process could lead to funding start in FY09
• DUSEL 1 priority for next new project start in
  Physics Division

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DUSEL Community Planning Activities
Bahcall report (2001) NSF-DOE sponsored ad hoc
committee of scientists strongly recommended that
Homestake Mine NSAC Long-Range Plan (2002)
Strongly supported development of an underground
laboratory to enable some aspects of nuclear
research, e.g., double beta decay. NESS 2002 An
NSF sponsored conference on Underground Science
showcases the wide variety of science that would
be enabled with an underground laboratory. Connect
ing Quarks to the Cosmos (2003) Known as Turner
Report, NRC panel recommended development of an
underground laboratory to enable a number of
fundamental science experiments. HEPAP Long-Range
Plan (2003) Supported development of an
underground laboratory to enable some aspects of
high energy research, e.g., long baseline
neutrino detector and proton decay Neutrinos and
Beyond (2003) Known as Barish Report, OSTP
charged NRC panel emphasized neutrino physics,
much of which requires an underground laboratory
placed in international context. EarthLab 2003
An NSF sponsored report of the GeoSciences and
GeoEngineering opportunities that would be
enabled by an underground laboratory. Physics of
the UniverseA Strategic Plan for Federal
Research at the Intersection of Physics and
Astronomy (NSTC) 2004 Strongly supported
development of an underground laboratory for
science and engineering Quantum UniverseThe
Revolution in 21st Century Particle Physics,
2004 NSF-DOE HEPAP Sub Panel report identifies
key science drivers and indicates need for DUSEL
to address key questions A lot more activities
NuSAG (HEPAP, NSAC, AAAS sub panel), Dark Matter
sub panel, EPP2010
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A Sampling of the DUSEL Scientific Program

• Multidisciplinary, diverse suite of experiments
• Life at Depth
• Study of subsurface biosphere
• Isolated underground life forms
• Life forms at high temperature, pressure,
  associated genomic features
• Fluid flow and transport at depth
• Applications include stability of water supplies,
  hazardous waste disposal, remediation of
  contaminated groundwater
• Rock formation at depth
• Seismic transmission, rock mechanics, etc.
• Mineral resources and environmental geochemistry
• Very low level counting facility, experiments
• Homeland security

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DUSEL Scientific Program

• Science, technology and engineering innovation
• Novel microorganisms, analytic techniques for
  geomicrobiology, drilling and excavation
  technology, environmental remediation, subsurface
  imaging,
• Creating pure crystals without cosmic ray induced
  impurities
• Creating very large stopes
• Neutrino physics
• Neutrino-less double beta decay
• Solar neutrinos
• Other neutrino mixing angles, CP violation
• Nuclear astrophysics
• Dark matter searches
• Matter stability
• Proton decay
• Supernovae neutrino observations

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DUSEL RD in FY07

• The NSF Physics Division is preparing to allocate
  up to 6M for DUSEL in FY07, which will target
• Site-non-specific, DUSEL-related detector RD
• Competitive evaluation of proposals
• Site-specific technical design after the
  down-select in summer
• Funding level assumes allocations are
  commensurate with the FY07 request
• NSF Geomechanics Geotechnical Systems Program
  (Engineering Directorate) encouraging submission
  of RD proposals for DUSEL-related design,
  construction and research in FY07

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Candidate DUSEL RD Projects in Physics

• Dark Matter Detection
• Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay
• Nuclear Astrophysics (accelerator based
  cross-section measurements)
• Geoneutrinos
• Solar and Supernovae Neutrinos
• Low Background Counting Facilities (LBCF) and
  Common Infrastructure
• Long Baseline Neutrinos and Proton Decay
  Megaton Detectors

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International Linear Collider

• NSF support of ILC in FY05 0.75M in FY05
• University research in detector and accelerator
  development (0.25M)
• University support is partnership with DOE
• Support of GDE personnel activities (0.5M)
• Support for each was doubled in FY06, total 1.5M
  
• Physics Division is in process of understanding
  the most effective means of utilizing NSF
  strengths to support ILC

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Committee of Visitors (COV)

• Excerpts from report from Jan 2006 COV review of
  Physics Division
• panels are asked to prioritize proposals for
  different budget scenarios. This is a key aspect
  of the process since it requires the review
  committee to deal with the hard choices that the
  Program Officers face.
• We particularly commend the EPP program officers
  for proactive management of the portfolio, which
  has kept it lean and competitive.
• this is absolutely necessary in order to carve
  out room in the budget to fund young faculty and
  start new projects.
• We also commend the EPP program officers for
  their creative interactions with other NSF
  programs and Divisions.
• We encourage the continuation of this fresh and
  innovative thinking, and support their efforts to
  implement new approaches to scientific
  management.
• We also note the relatively low value of funded
  MRI proposals in EPP during past two years
• WE GET REVIEWED, WE LISTEN

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Closing Remarks

• Scientific opportunities as promising as ever
• Diverse array of exciting, fundamental questions
  to be answered
• NSF will continue to try to maintain a properly
  balanced portfolio as we rise to meet this
  challenge
• Commitment to university program is a cornerstone
  of this process
• We respond to proposals

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Additional Slides
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DUSEL Depth
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Underground Laboratory Depth vs. Volume
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Very Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillations
Homestake
2560 km
1315 km
FNAL
1500 km
BNL
2760 km
Henderson
Measure ???, ?CP and sign of ?m???
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Large Underground Cavities