Dale Herendeen

1
The Challenges of Being Located in a Ozone Non
Attainment Area

• Dale Herendeen
• Environmental Manager
• Bowater Incorporated
• Coated and Specialty Papers Division

2
Non Attainment Area

• Catawba mill located in York County, South
  Carolina.
• York County part of Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill,
  NC-SC MSA.
• Violating monitors in the Charlotte region.
• It is important to note that the monitor in York
  County showed attainment with the 8-hour
  standard.

3
Non Attainment Area

• SCDHEC, Governor Sanford, SC Chamber of Commerce,
  and industry including Bowater voiced opposition
  to York County being part of the non attainment
  designation.
• However during April of 2004, the area was
  declared moderate non-attainment for the eight
  hour ozone standard.

4
Non Attainment Area
5
We Need a Permit

• Late 2004, Bowater management wanted to initiate
  a capital project to optimize the Kraft
  fiberline.
• We needed to obtain a air construction permit in
  a non-attainment area.
• Here is our story ..

6
Permitting

• We determined that the project was going to
  increase NOx emissions.
• We would require offsets or ERCs.
• Offset Requirements
• Ratio 1.15 to 1 for Charlotte MSA
• Federally enforceable
• Occur before the emissions increase
• Same pollutant emitted
• Same non attainment area
• Internal or external

7
Emissions Offsets

• Internal Offsets Bowater Catawba
• Not practical at time of permit application.
• Preserves options for future projects.
• External Offsets SC Sources
• At the time, South Carolina had no
  banking/trading program.
• Large NOX source in Rock Hill had ceased
  operation, but potential credits were not banked.

8
Emission Offsets

• Working with a national broker and our local
  contacts we found some offsets in North Carolina.
• But the offsets needed to be formally approved
  and accepted by NCDENR and SCDHEC.
• To be approved, NCDENR and SCDHEC had to prove to
  EPA that the area will be attainment by
  2009/2010.

9
Emission Credits

• Huge effort by NCDENR and SCDHEC to convince EPA
  that the area would be in attainment by June
  2010.
• NCDENR made numerous runs of the model.
• Using results from modeling runs and Weight of
  Evidence NCDENR was able to convince EPA that
  the area would be in attainment by 2010.
• NCDENR certified the ERCs.
• Bowater purchased the ERCs.

10
Emission Credits

• ERCs were acquired at a significant cost.
• Special thanks to Keith Overcash and his staff at
  NCDENR.
• Special thanks to Myra Reece and her staff at
  SCDHEC.
• Here comes the most important lesson from all of
  this avoid the non-attainment designation if at
  all possible!!!!!!!

11
What is Clean Air Works?

• An initiative focusing on providing employers
  with voluntary programs to reduce emissions.
• Provides opportunity for employers to improve air
  quality.
• Consultant helps employers to design and
  implement programs.

12
What is Clean Air Works?

• Membership is voluntary.
• Provides businesses with customized programs
  recognizes differences between a office setting
  and a manufacturing facility.
• Provides marketing support, tracking and
  reporting throughout the project timeframe.
• CAW! is a project of the Regional Air Quality
  Board.

13
CAW! Members

• Bowater Incorporated
• York Technical College
• Winthrop University
• Duke Energy
• Citigroup
• Bank of America
• Wachovia
• Food Lion

• ATTEL
• Belk, Inc.
• BellSouth
• Coca-Cola Consolidated
• Springs Global
• Time Warner
• UNC Charlotte

14
What are we doing????????
15
Initiatives - Letters

• Sent several hundred letters to vendors and wood
  suppliers regarding CAW and our initiative to
  improve air quality. 
• Detailed information included in the letter.
• Sent out additional letters in 2007.

16
Initiatives - Training

• Conducted ozone awareness training for all
  employees.
• We train all new employees.
• We explained to our employees the importance of
  reducing ground level ozone and provided
  suggestions on how they could help.

17
Initiatives

• Ozone awareness questions in our weekly
  newsletter. Correct answers eligible for a small
  token of recognition.
• On Code Red and Purple Ozone Alert Days the
  NCDENR Forecast Flyer is sent to all employees.
  The flyer reminds all employees on ways to reduce
  ground level ozone formation.
• We conduct gate greetings to increase awareness.

18
Initiatives

• Gas cap checks.
• During the past two ozone seasons we have
  replaced 15 gas caps.

19
Initiatives

• No idling policy.
• Started to strictly enforce the spring of 2007.
• Placed stickers in mill vehicles.
• Removed keys from idling vehicles.

20
Initiatives

• Replaced incandescent bulbs with compact
  fluorescent lamps in several office buildings.
• Over 50 compact fluorescent lamps installed.
• CAW! audit suggestion.

21
Initiatives

• Increased unoccupied hours on office building
  HVAC units. CAW! audit item.
• Establish reward program for refueling after 6
  pm.
• Special parking places for carpoolers.
• Special incentives for carpoolers.
• Air quality flags at main gate.

22
Initiatives

• July event was a panel discussion of ozone
  awareness and CAW! Included giveaways and snacks.
• August event was a gate greeting that included a
  drawing for environmentally friendly gas
  containers, lunch kits, and gift cards. In
  addition, we conducted a gas cap check.
• Continue to support CAW!

23
Final Comments

• Huge PR success TV and local newspapers
  including Charlotte Observer.
• Recently a guest on the Mike Collins Show with
  Dave Franchina of the Regional Air Quality Board
  and several others. Mike hosts a radio talk show
  on Charlottes NPR radio station WFAE.
• Great program that is vital to the region.
• Special thanks to the CAW! Team at Catawba, all
  of the employees at Catawba, and Gabe Workman of
  URS.