Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement

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Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement
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PRESENTATION CONTENTS

• OVERVIEW OF THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY
• EXAMPLE OF MASS EQUIVALENCE
• EXAMPLE OF GAS CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE
• RESULTS TO DATE
• CONCLUSION

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY - OVERVIEW

• EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY
• OVERVIEW

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY - OVERVIEW

• TESTING OCCURS IN A FIXTURE CONTAINING SALIENT
  FEATURES OF THE ENGINE NACELLE ENVIRONMENT
• THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY IS TWO-PART
• ESTABLISH A MASS EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN AGENTS BASED
  ON FIRE EXTINCTION PERFORMANCE
• A HALON 1301 (H1301) BENCHMARK IS ESTABLISHED
• A QUANTITY OF A REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE QUANTITY IS
  FOUND THAT MEETS OR EXCEEDS THE H1301 BENCHMARK
• ESTABLISH A CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE BASED ON
  AGENT DISTRIBUTION BEHAVIOR OF THE MASS
  EQUIVALENT
• GAS ANALYSIS IS USED TO CAPTURE PERFORMANCE
• TIES BACK TO FIRE EXTINCTION PERFORMANCE
• PROCESS IS REPEATED IN 4 ITERATIONS TO FIND THE
  LARGEST EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION (2 ventilation
  conditions x 2 fire threats)

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IMAGERY - TEST FIXTURE
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IMAGERY - TEST SECTION
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IMAGERY - TEST SECTION
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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY MASS

• EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART I
• MASS EQUIVALENCE

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY MASS

• PROCESS
• SELECT VENTILATION PROFILE
• UTILIZE APPROPRIATE H1301 CERTIFICATION
  INSTALLATION
• ESTABLISH H1301 BENCHMARK
• SEARCH, FIND, DEMONSTRATE EQUIVALENT BEHAVIOR
  WITH THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY MASS

• TEST FIXTURE VENTILATION IS SET TO 1 OF 2 POINTS
• WANT TO SPAN AND OSERVE BEHAVIOR
• HIGH VENTILATION (HiVent) ? 2.2 LBM/S _at_ 100F
  (1.00 kg/s _at_ 38C)
• LOW VENTILATION (LoVent) ? 1.0 LBM/S _at_ 260F
  (0.45 kg/s _at_ 127C)
• H1301 CERTIFICATION IS KNOWN FOR BOTH CASES
• AGENT IS STORED AT 100F (38C)
• AGENT DISCHARGE IS ? 1 SECOND
• H1301 BENCHMARK (FIRE TESTING) IS ACCOMPLISHED
  WITH THE APPLICABLE CERTIFICATION PROFILE
• H1301 DISTRIBUTION IS REASONABLY SYMMETRIC
• DISCHARGE IS NOT DIRECTED AT THE FIRE THREAT
• MINIMUM DISTANCE OF 5 FT (1.52 m) SEPARATES AGENT
  INJECTION AND THE FLAME FRONTS

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IMAGERY SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, SPRAY
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IMAGERY SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, POOL
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IMAGERY TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH,
HiVent
(1.00 kg/s _at_ 38C)
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IMAGERY TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH,
LoVent
(0.45 kg/s _at_ 127C)
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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY MASS

• DEFINING THE H1301 BENCHMARK
• DETERMINED FOR EACH EQUIVALENCE ITERATION
• POOL FIRE THREAT JP8
• ? 155F _at_ 220 IN2 x 0.5IN DEEP (68C _at_ 0.14 m2
  x 1.27 cm)
• ELECTRICAL ARC REMAINS ON DURING AGENT INJECTION
• SPRAY FIRE THREAT JP8, LUBRICANT OR HYDRAULIC
  FLUID
• ? 155F _at_ 0.25 GPM (68C _at_ 0.95 LPM)
• FUEL SPRAY ELECTRICAL ARC REMAIN ON DURING
  AGENT INJECTION
• FUEL SPRAY STRIKES HOT SURFACE DURING AGENT
  INJECTION
• RESULT FROM 1 FIRE TEST REIGNITION TIME DELAY
  (RTD)
• RTD time (FIRE EXTINCTION) time (FIRE
  REIGNITION)
• RTD IS ASSESSED FROM VIDEO RECORD OF EACH FIRE
  TEST
• H1301 BENCHMARK AVERAGED RTDs FROM 5 REPEATED
  FIRE TESTS RTD_ave (H1301)

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IMAGERY - SPRAY FIRE ZONE
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IMAGERY SPRAY FIRE VIDEO CLIP
(04914_14, Halon 1301,HiVent OIL SPRAY)
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IMAGERY - POOL FIRE ZONE
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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY MASS

• MASS EQUIVALENCE FOR A REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE
• COMPARISON BASIS AVERAGE RTD OF 5 REPEATED
  TESTS
• EQUIVALENCE DEFINED AS
• RTD_ave (H1301) ? RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS)
• IF A SPRAY FIRE THREAT, USE EQUIVALENT MASS AND
  VERIFY SUCCESS AGAINST OTHER FUELS
• HiVent VERIFICATION LUBRICANT HYDRAULIC FLUID
• LoVent VERIFICATION JP8
• REPEAT 3 TESTS FOR EACH FUEL
• SUCCESS DEFINED AS
• RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS) ? RTD_ave (VERIFICATION)

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY CONCENTRATION

• EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART II
• CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY CONCENTRATION

• TREATING THE VOLUMETRIC GAS CONCENTRATION AS THE
  PAREMETER FOR EQUIVALENCE (NOT CITING ANY MASS
  EQUIVALENCE!!)
• REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE IS DELIVERED THROUGH
  NON-OPTIMIZED PLUMBING
• SOME NON-OPTIMIZED QUANTITY OF THE REPLACEMENT
  CANDIDATE WILL STILL ACHIEVE PARITY WITH H1301
  BENCHMARK
• CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE EVALUATED AT THE FLAME
  FRONT ONLY (2 CHANNELS PER TEST)!!
• EQUIVALENT GAS CONCENTRATION IS BASED ON
• CAPTURED GAS ANALYSIS DATA
• FIRE EXTINCTION BEHAVIOR

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY CONCENTRATION

• PROCESS
• CAPTURE GAS DISTRIBUTION OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS
  WITH 3 REPEATED TESTS
• COLLECT THE 2 FLAME FRONT CURVES FOR EACH TEST
• TRANSFORM FLAME FRONT, GAS CONCENTRATION CURVES
• CURVES ARE TYPICALLY EXPONENTIAL GROWTH/DECAY
• TRANSFORM EACH CURVE TO CONCENTRATION vs.
  DURATION_at_CONCENTRATION
• CREATE A SINGLE DATA POOL OF ALL POINTS FROM THE
  TRANSFORMED CURVES
• MODEL THE DATA POOL WITH HIGHEST-ORDER
  POLYNOMIAL, BEST-FIT FUNCTION
• RECALL AVERAGE RTD FROM REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE
• USE AVERAGE RTD OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS IN THE
  BEST-FIT FUNCTION TO CALCULATE EQUIVALENT
  CONCENTRATION

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY PROCEDURAL FLOW CHART

• EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY
• FLOW CHART

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY PROCEDURAL FLOW CHART
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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY EXAMPLE

• EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY
• EXAMPLE

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY EXAMPLE, MASS

• MASS EQUIVALENCE EXAMPLE (actual data)
• EQUIVALENCE ITERATION HiVent JP8 SPRAY FIRE
• H1301 BENCHMARK RTD_ave (H1301) 1.39 SECONDS
• REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE WORK WITH HFC-125
• EQUIVALENT MASS 8.0 LBF (3.7 kg) HFC-125

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY EXAMPLE, CONCENTRATION

• EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION EXAMPLE
• THIS EXAMPLE IS BASED UPON DATA FOR THE
  DISTRIBUTION OF 8.0 LBF (3.7 kg) HFC-125
• RESTRICT DATA REVIEW TO THE 2 ANALYZER CHANNELS
  LOCATED AT THE SPRAY FLAME FRONT
• CALCULATION FOLLOWS IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT
• FOR SIMPLICITY IN THIS EXAMPLE
• ONE PAIR OF ANALYZER TRACES ARE SHOWN (SINGLE
  TEST)
• DUE TO THE REDUCED SIZE OF THE DATA POOL, THE
  CALCULATION FOR THIS EXAMPLE IS NOT THE REPORTED
  EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION
• PROTOCOL REQUIRES REPEATING 3 GAS DISTRIBUTION
  TESTS TO PRODUCE THE DATA POOL TO MAKE THIS
  CALCULATION

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY EXAMPLE, CONCENTRATION
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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY EXAMPLE, CONCENTRATION
ILLUSTRATION ONLY EQUIVALENCE NOT VALID
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RESULTS TO DATE

• RESULTS TO DATE

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RESULTS TO DATE - TABULAR
Agent Ventilation configuration Fire Threat Equivalent Concentration (v/v)
HFC-125 high JP8 spray 16.9 (17.5)
HFC-125 high JP8 pool 9.4 (7.6)
HFC-125 low OIL spray 15.8 (16.4) (a)
HFC-125 low JP8 pool 8.3 (8.1)
CF3I high JP8 spray 5.8
CF3I high JP8 pool incomplete
CF3I low OIL spray 7.2 (a, b)
CF3I low JP8 pool incomplete
(a) Bracketing method used to find mass equivalent (a) Bracketing method used to find mass equivalent (a) Bracketing method used to find mass equivalent (a) Bracketing method used to find mass equivalent
(b) Partial result, JP8 verification not completed as of June 2004 (b) Partial result, JP8 verification not completed as of June 2004 (b) Partial result, JP8 verification not completed as of June 2004 (b) Partial result, JP8 verification not completed as of June 2004
Corrected values presented verbally during the presentation at the Conference the corrected values reflect the interpretation of the equivalence data as of October 2004 the CF3I data reported here has not undergone the same secondary review Corrected values presented verbally during the presentation at the Conference the corrected values reflect the interpretation of the equivalence data as of October 2004 the CF3I data reported here has not undergone the same secondary review Corrected values presented verbally during the presentation at the Conference the corrected values reflect the interpretation of the equivalence data as of October 2004 the CF3I data reported here has not undergone the same secondary review Corrected values presented verbally during the presentation at the Conference the corrected values reflect the interpretation of the equivalence data as of October 2004 the CF3I data reported here has not undergone the same secondary review
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CONCLUSION

• SUMMARY/STATUS

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CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS

• FOLLOW-ON CHECK TESTS WITH HFC-125
• REMAINING CF3I EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS WILL FOLLOW
• UPON COMPLETING CF3I ITERATIONS, PROJECT CONCLUDES