Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement

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Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement
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PRESENTATION CONTENTS

• OVERVIEW OF THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY
• EXAMPLE OF MASS EQUIVALENCE
• EXAMPLE OF GAS CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE
• RESULTS TO DATE, TABULAR
• RESULTS TO DATE, PARTIAL GRAPHICAL
• CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY - OVERVIEW

• EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY
• OVERVIEW

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY - OVERVIEW

• TESTING OCCURS IN A FIXTURE CONTAINING SALIENT
  FEATURES OF THE ENGINE NACELLE ENVIRONMENT
• THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY IS TWO-PART
• ESTABLISH A MASS EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN AGENTS BASED
  ON FIRE EXTINCTION PERFORMANCE
• A H1301 BENCHMARK IS ESTABLISHED
• THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE QUANTITY IS CHANGED
  UNTIL THE H1301 BENCHMARK IS MET OR EXCEEDED
• ESTABLISH A CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE BASED ON
  AGENT DISTRIBUTION BEHAVIOR OF THE MASS
  EQUIVALENT
• GAS ANALYSIS IS USED TO CAPTURE PERFORMANCE
• TIES BACK TO FIRE EXTINCTION PERFORMANCE
• PROCESS IS REPEATED IN 4 EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS
  TO FIND THE LARGEST EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION (2
  ventilation conditions x 2 fire threats)

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IMAGERY - TEST FIXTURE
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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY Pt I, MASS

• EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART I
• MASS EQUIVALENCE

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY Pt I, MASS

• TEST FIXTURE VENTILATION IS SET TO 1 OF 2 POINTS
• THE OBJECT IS TO BRACKET SYSTEM BEHAVIOR
• HIGH VENTILATION (HiVent) 2.2 LBM/S _at_ 100F
• LOW VENTILATION (LoVent) 1.0 LBM/S _at_ 260F
• H1301 CERTIFICATION IS KNOWN FOR BOTH CASES
• AGENT IS STORED AT 100F
• AGENT DISCHARGE IS 1 SECOND
• H1301 BENCHMARK (FIRE TESTING) IS ACCOMPLISHED
  WITH THE APPLICABLE CERTIFICATION PROFILE
• H1301 DISTRIBUTION IS REASONABLY SYMMETRIC
• DISCHARGE IS NOT DIRECTED AT THE FIRE THREAT
• MINIMUM DISTANCE OF 5 FT SEPARATES AGENT
  INJECTION AND THE FLAME FRONTS

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IMAGERY SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, SPRAY
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IMAGERY TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH,
HiVent
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IMAGERY TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH,
LoVent
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IMAGERY SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, POOL
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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY Pt I, MASS

• DEFINING THE H1301 BENCHMARK
• DETERMINED FOR EACH EQUIVALENCE ITERATION
• EQUIVALENCE ITERATION VENTILATION FIRE
  THREAT
• POOL FIRE THREAT JP8
• ? 150F _at_ 220 IN2 x 0.5IN DEEP
• ELECTRICAL ARC REMAINS ON DURING AGENT INJECTION
• SPRAY FIRE THREAT JP8, LUBRICANT OR HYDRAULIC
  FLUID
• ? 150F _at_ 0.25 GPM
• FUEL SPRAY ELECTRICAL ARC REMAIN ON DURING
  AGENT INJECTION
• FUEL SPRAY STRIKES HOT SURFACE DURING AGENT
  INJECTION
• RESULT FROM 1 FIRE TEST REIGNITION TIME DELAY
  (RTD)
• RTD time (FIRE EXTINCTION) time (FIRE
  REIGNITION)
• RTD IS ASSESSED FROM VIDEO RECORD OF EACH FIRE
  TEST
• H1301 BENCHMARK AVERAGED RTDs FROM 5 REPEATED
  FIRE TESTS RTD_ave (H1301)

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IMAGERY - SPRAY FIRE ZONE
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IMAGERY - POOL FIRE ZONE
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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY Pt I, MASS

• PROCESS
• SELECT CONDITIONS FROM 1 OF 4 EQUIVALENCE
  ITERATIONS
• HiVent, JP8 SPRAY OR POOL FIRE THREAT
• LoVent, LUBRICANT SPRAY OR JP8 POOL FIRE THREAT
• ESTABLISH H1301 BENCHMARK WITH 5 REPEATED FIRE
  TESTS
• FIND EQUIVALENT MASS OF THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE
• COMPARISION BASIS AVERAGE RTD OF 5 REPEATED
  TESTS
• EQUIVALENCE DEFINED AS
• RTD_ave (H1301) ? RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS)
• IF A SPRAY FIRE THREAT, USE EQUIVALENT MASS AND
  VERIFY SUCCESS AGAINST OTHER FUELS
• HiVent VERIFICATION LUBRICANT HYDRAULIC FLUID
• LoVent VERIFICATION JP8
• REPEAT 3 TESTS FOR EACH FUEL
• SUCCESS DEFINED AS
• RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS) ? RTD_ave (VERIFICATION)

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY Pt II, CONCENTRATION

• EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART II
• CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY Pt II, CONCENTRATION

• TREATING THE VOLUMETRIC GAS CONCENTRATION AS THE
  PAREMETER FOR EQUIVALENCE (NOT CITING ANY MASS
  EQUIVALENCE!!)
• REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE IS DELIVERED THROUGH
  NON-OPTIMIZED PLUMBING
• SOME NON-OPTIMIZED QUANTITY OF THE REPLACEMENT
  CANDIDATE WILL STILL ACHIEVE PARITY WITH H1301
  BENCHMARK
• CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE EVALUATED AT THE FLAME
  FRONT ONLY (2 CHANNELS PER TEST)!!
• EQUIVALENT GAS CONCENTRATION IS BASED ON
• CAPTURED GAS ANALYSIS DATA
• FIRE EXTINCTION BEHAVIOR

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY Pt II, CONCENTRATION

• PROCESS
• CAPTURE GAS DISTRIBUTION OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS
  WITH 3 REPEATED TESTS
• COLLECT THE 2 FLAME FRONT CURVES FOR EACH TEST
• TRANSFORM FLAME FRONT, GAS CONCENTRATION CURVES
• CURVES ARE TYPICALLY CAPTURED TO ILLUSTRATE
  EXPONENTIAL GROWTH/DECAY (i.e. CERTIFICATION
  TEST)
• TRANSFORM EACH CURVE TO CONCENTRATION vs.
  DURATION_at_CONCENTRATION
• CREATE A SINGLE DATA POOL OF ALL POINTS FROM THE
  TRANSFORMED CURVES
• MODEL THE DATA POOL WITH HIGHEST-ORDER
  POLYNOMIAL, BEST-FIT FUNCTION
• RECALL AVERAGE RTD FROM REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE
• USE AVERAGE RTD OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS IN THE
  BEST-FIT FUNCTION TO CALCULATE EQUIVALENT
  CONCENTRATION

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY EXAMPLE

• EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY
• EXAMPLE

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY Pt I, EXAMPLE

• MASS EQUIVALENCE EXAMPLE (actual data)
• EQUIVALENCE ITERATION HiVent JP8 SPRAY FIRE
• H1301 BENCHMARK RTD_ave (H1301) 1.39 SECONDS
• REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE WORK WITH HFC-125
• EQUIVALENT MASS 8.0 LBF HFC-125

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY Pt II, EXAMPLE

• EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION EXAMPLE
• THIS EXAMPLE IS BASED UPON DATA FOR THE
  DISTRIBUTION OF 8.0 LBF HFC-125
• RESTRICT DATA REVIEW TO THE 2 ANALYZER CHANNELS
  LOCATED AT THE SPRAY FLAME FRONT
• CALCULATION FOLLOWS IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT
• FOR SIMPLICITY IN THIS EXAMPLE
• ONE PAIR OF ANALYZER TRACES ARE SHOWN (SINGLE
  TEST)
• DUE TO THE REDUCED SIZE OF THE DATA POOL, THE
  CALCULATION FOR THIS EXAMPLE IS NOT THE REPORTED
  EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION
• PROTOCOL REQUIRES REPEATING 3 GAS DISTRIBUTION
  TESTS TO PRODUCE THE DATA POOL TO MAKE THIS
  CALCULATION

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY Pt II, EXAMPLE
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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY Pt II, EXAMPLE
ILLUSTRATION ONLY EQUIVALENCE NOT VALID
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RESULTS TO DATE

• RESULTS TO DATE

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RESULTS TO DATE - TABULAR
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RESULTS TO DATE TRANSFORMED DATA, HiVent
EQUIVALENTS
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CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS

• SUMMARY/STATUS

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CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS

• CURRENTLY WORKING HFC-125 IN THE LoVent JP8 POOL
• REMAINING CF3I EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS WILL FOLLOW
• UPON COMPLETING HFC-125/CF3I ITERATIONS, PROJECT
  CONCLUDES