The Radiocommunication

1
Radiocommunication Seminar Geneva, 6 - 10
November 2000

• The Radiocommunication
• Study Groups

2
Radiocommunication Seminar

• This information has been jointly compiled by
• A. Nalbandian, Counsellor Study Groups 1, 7
  CPM
• K. Hughes, Counsellor Study Group 3
• S. Li, Counsellor Study Group 4
• G. Mesias, Counsellor Study Group 6
• F. Leite, Counsellor Study Group 8
• L. Casado, Counsellor Study Group 9
• G. Rossi, Head of Study Group Department

3
Introduction

• The ITU RR define 42 radiocommunication
  services.
• The success of any system in these services
  depends critically on availability of frequency
  spectrum and establishment of suitable standards.

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Introduction

• The ITU has provided a forum for setting
  standards for radio systems since 1906 when the
  limited nature of spectrum was recognized.
• The requirements of equitable access to, and
  efficient and economical use of the
  radio-frequency spectrum and the
  geostationary-satellite orbit by all countries
  are included in the ITU Convention since 1973.

5
Radiocommunication SectorStructure (CS, Art.12)

• Radiocommunication Sector
• The Radiocommunication Sector is responsible for
  all ITU radiocommunication activities. It works
  through
• World Radiocommunication Conference
• Radiocommunication Assembly
• Regional Radiocommunication Conferences
• Radio Regulations Board
• Radiocommunication Study Groups
• Radiocommunication Bureau.
• CS 80 - 85

6
Radiocommunication Study GroupsTerms of
reference (Art.11, CV)

• The ITU-R SGs shall study Questions and prepare
  draft Recommendations which shall be focused on
• use of the RF spectrum in terrestrial and space
  radiocommunication (and of the geostationary-satel
  lite orbit)
• characteristics and performance of radio systems
• operation of radio stations
• radiocommunication aspects of distress and safety
  matters.
• These studies when they involve comparing
  technical alternatives, economic factors may be
  taken into consideration.
  
  

7
Radiocommunication Study GroupsTerms of
Reference (Art.11, CV)

• The ITU-R Study Groups shall study Questions and
  formulate Recommendations directly connected with
  the establishment, development and improvement of
  telecommunication in developing countries.
• They shall coordinate their work with the work
  of national, regional and other international
  organizations concerned.
• The ITU-R Study Groups shall also carry out
  preparatory studies of the technical, operational
  and procedural matters to be considered by World
  and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences.

8
Radiocommunication Study Groups Working methods
(Res.ITU-R 1)

• STUDY GROUPS and their structure
• A Study Group is established by a RA which
  defines its scope and also appoints its Chairman
  and Vice-Chairmen.
• To study one or more Questions a Study Group
  may establish
• a Working Party to prepare Draft
  Recommendations
• a Task Group to prepare urgent Draft
  Recommendation(s) that cannot be prepared by a
  Working Party.
• Study Groups may also establish
• a Joint Working Party
• a Joint Task Group
• a Joint Rapporteur Group.

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Radiocommunication Study Groups Working methods
(Res.ITU-R 1)

• QUESTIONS
• A Question is a statement of a technical,
  operational or procedural problem generally
  seeking a Recommendation.
• Questions are approved
• by a Radiocommunication Assembly or
• by correspondence when submitted by a Member
  State or after adoption by a Study Group.
• More than 400 Questions are studied by the
  ITU-R SGs.

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Radiocommunication Study Groups Working methods
(Res.ITU-R 1)

• RECOMMENDATIONS
• A Recommendation is an answer to a Question
  giving
• specifications, data or guidance
• preferred way to undertake a specific task
• preferred procedures for a specific application.
• Recommendations are approved
• by a Radiocommunication Assembly or
• by correspondence.
• Today, gt 900 ITU-R Recommendations in 16 series.

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Radiocommunication Study Groups Working methods
(Res.ITU-R 1)

• Two basic types of Recommendations are prepared
  by the Study Groups
• Recommendations related to spectrum management
  and orbit utilization
• Recommendations related to radio system standards
  

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Radiocommunication Study Groups Working methods
(Res.ITU-R 1)

• International radiocommunication system
  standards
• provide for overall radio system economy and
  their direct beneficiaries are developing
  countries
• are expensive to be issued (studies, meetings,
  expertise, etc)
• need to be conceptually accepted
• need full patent disclosure of recommended radio
  systems on a fair and equitable basis to be
  accessed by world-wide community
• need fast and efficient standard issuing
  procedures.
• The ITU-R is expected to recommend world-wide
  applicable radio system standards.

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Radiocommunication Study Groups Working methods
(Res.ITU-R 1)

• HANDBOOKS
• A Handbook is a statement of current knowledge,
  present position of studies or of good operating
  or technical practice in certain aspects of
  radiocommunication.
• It is addressed to a radiocommunication
  engineer, system planner or operating official
  who plans, designs or uses radio services or
  systems, paying particular attention to the
  requirements of developing countries.
• 20 Handbooks have been developed by ITU-R Study
  Groups.

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Radiocommunication Study GroupStructure

• SG 1 SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
• SG 3 RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION
• SG4 FIXED-SATELLITE SERVICE
• SG6 BROADCASTING SERVICE
• SG7 SCIENCE SERVICES
• SG8 MOBILE, RADIODETERMINATION, AMATEUR
• AND RELATED SATELLITE SERVICES
• SG9 FIXED SERVICE

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ITU-R Study Group 1

• SG 1 - SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
• Scope
• Development of principles and techniques for
  effective spectrum management, sharing criteria
  and methods, including inter-service sharing and
  compatibility, techniques for spectrum monitoring
  and long-term strategies for spectrum utilization
• Chairman R. MAYHER (USA)
• Vice-Chairmen T. JEACOCK (United Kingdom)
• N. KISRAWI (Syria)
• A. PAVLIOUK (Russian Federation)

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ITU-R Study Group 1

• Working Parties and Task Group
• WP 1A Spectrum engineering techniques
• WP 1B Spectrum management methodologies
• WP 1C Monitoring
• TG 1/5 Unwanted emissions and modification of
  Rec.ITU-R SM.328 on out-of-band emissions

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ITU-R Study Group 1

• Working Party 1A (Chairman T. Jeacock, UK)
• Spectrum engineering techniques
• Spurious and out-of-band emissions
• Frequency tolerance
• Technical aspects of sharing
• Spectrum engineering and computer programs
• Technical definitions
• Earth station coordination areas
• Technical spectrum efficiency

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ITU-R Study Group 1

• Working Party 1B (Chairman A. Pavliouk, RF)
• Spectrum management methodologies
• Economic strategies
• Spectrum management methodology
• National spectrum management organisation
• National regulatory framework
• Alternative approaches
• Flexible allocations
• Long-term strategies for planning

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ITU-R Study Group 1

• Working Party 1C (Chairman N. Kisrawi, Syria)
• Monitoring
• Cooperation in spectrum monitoring matters
• Techniques for monitoring little LEO systems
• Monitoring of digital signals including
  broadcasting
• Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring

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ITU-R Study Group 1

• Task Group 1/5 (Chairman M. Dhamrait, UK)
• Unwanted emissions and modification of Rec.
  ITU-R SM.328 on out-of-band emissions
• WRC-03 study on spurious emissions
• Out-of-band emission limits
• Protection of safety and passive services

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ITU-R Study Group 3

• SG 3 - RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION
• Scope
• Propagation of radio waves in ionized and
  non-ionized media and the characteristic of radio
  noise, for the purpose of improving
  radiocommunication systems
• Chairman D.G. COLE (Australia)
• Vice-Chairmen B. ARBESSER-RASTBURG (ESA) D.
  V. ROGERS (Canada)

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ITU-R Study Group 3

• Working Parties and Task Group
• WP 3J Propagation fundamentals
• WP 3K Point-to-area propagation
• WP 3L Ionospheric propagation
• WP 3M Point-to-point and Earth-to-space
  propagation
• TG 3/2 Development of path-general point-to-area
  prediction method

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ITU-R Study Group 3

• Working Party 3J (Chairman G. Brussaard, NL)
• Propagation fundamentals
• Attenuation by atmospheric gases
• Tropospheric refraction
• Rain characteristics and attenuation
• Cloud attenuation, scattering and depolarization
• Noise and radiometry
• Ground-wave propagation
• Global mapping of radiometeorological parameters
• Vegetation and obstacle diffraction
• Statistical aspects

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ITU-R Study Group 3

• Working Party 3K (Chairman R. Grosskopf,
  Germany)
• Point-to-area propagation
• Prediction models for terrestrial broadcasting
  and land mobile services at VHF and UHF Bands
• Short range propagation models within and outside
  buildings (for WLAN applications)
• Handbook on land mobile propagation

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ITU-R Study Group 3

• Working Party 3L (Chairman J. Wang, USA)
• Ionospheric propagation
• LF and MF sky-wave propagation prediction
• HF propagation prediction
• Trans-ionospheric effects
• Computation of reliability and compatibility
• Characteristics of the ionosphere
• Data bank of HF measurements
• Short-term forecasting and indices

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ITU-R Study Group 3

• Working Party 3M (Chairman M.P.M. Hall, UK)
• Point-to-point and Earth-to-space propagation
• Prediction methods for terrestrial paths
• Prediction methods for Earth-to-space paths
• Measurement data banks
• Prediction of interference signals
• Propagation aspects of earth station coordination

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ITU-R Study Group 3

• Task Group 3/2 (Chairman P. McKenna, USA)
• Development of a path-general point-to-area
  propagation prediction method

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ITU-R Study Group 4

• SG 4 - FIXED-SATELLITE SERVICE
• Scope
• Systems and networks for the fixed-satellite
  service and inter-satellite links in the
  fixed-satellite service, including associated
  tracking, telemetry and telecommand functions.
• Chairman Y. ITO (Japan)
• Vice Chairmen J.M.P. FORTES (Brazil)
• V.
  RAWAT (Canada)
• A.G.
  REED ( United Kingdom)
• J. SESEÑA
  NAVARRO (Spain)

29
ITU-R Study Group 4

• Working Parties
• WP 4A Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization
• WP 4B Systems, performance, availability and
  maintenance
• WP 4SNG Satellite News Gathering, outside
  broadcasting via satellite
• WP 4-9S Frequency sharing between fixed
  satellite service and fixed service
• Handbook Group on Satellite Communication

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ITU-R Study Group 4

• Working Party 4A (Chairman A. Reed, UK)
• Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization
• WRC-2003 studies
• Res. 135 concerning misapplication of non-GSO
  FSS single-entry limits in Article S22
• Res. 136 sharing in range 37.5-50.2 GHz
  between GSO FSS networks and non-GSO FSS systems
• Res. 128 protection of RAS in 42.5-43.5 GHz
  band
• Protection of feeder links (E-S) for MSS in
  5150-5250 GHz band
• Provisions for satellite networks using highly
  elliptical orbits

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ITU-R Study Group 4

• Working Party 4A (continued)
• Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization
• Sharing between
• GSO/FSS networks
• GSO/FSS and non-GSO/FSS
• Non-GSO/FSS and GSO/BSS
• Feeder links for MSS and ARNS
• Inter-satellite links
• Interference criteria and calculation methods for
  the FSS

32
ITU-R Study Group 4

• Working Party 4B (Chairman D. Weinreich, USA)
  Systems, performance, availability and
  maintenance
• Digital satellite service error performance
  objectives, measurements, ATM requirements,
  transmission of IP packets
• Digital satellite systems in FSS in synchronous
  transport networks based on SDH architecture,
  network management, equipment functionality
• Satellite link performance
• Satellites in Global Information Infrastructure

33
ITU-R Study Group 4

• Working Party 4SNG (Ch. A. Uyttendaele,USA)
• Satellite news gathering
• Application of digital techniques to TV SNG and
  OB (Outside Broadcasting via Satellite)
• Use of portable and transportable transmitting
  earth station operating in digital mode
• Interoperability of equipment for digital
  transmission of TV news gathering via satellite
• SNG users guide

34
ITU-R Study Groups 4 and 9

• Joint Working Party 4-9S (Chairman W. Rummler,
  USA)
• Frequency sharing between FSS and FS
• WRC-2003 studies
• Res. 122 HAPS at 47/48 GHz and 18-32 GHz
• Res. 82 earth stations on board vessels
• HD-FSS spectrum above 17.3 GHz
• Coordination area and interference potential
• Methodology to evaluate slant path interference
  (to FS from FSS GSO and NGSO systems)
• ES on board vessels operating in the FSS

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ITU-R Study Group 6

• SG 6 - BROADCASTING SERVICES
• Scope
• Radiocommunication broadcasting (terrestrial and
  satellite), including vision, sound, multimedia
  and data services principally intended for
  delivery to the general public.
• Broadcasting makes use of point-to-everywhere
  information delivery to widely available consumer
  receivers. When return channel capacity is
  required (e.g. for access control, interactivity,
  etc.), broadcasting typically uses an
  asymmetrical distribution infrastructure that
  allows high capacity information delivery to the
  public with lower capacity return link to the
  service provider.

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ITU-R Study Group 6

• The production and distribution of programmes
  (vision, sound, multimedia, data, etc.) may
  employ contribution circuits among studios,
  information gathering circuits (ENG, SNG, etc.),
  primary distribution to delivery nodes, and
  secondary distribution to consumers.
• The Study Group, recognizing that
  radiocommunication broadcasting extends from the
  production of programmes to their delivery to the
  general public, as detailed above, studies those
  aspects related to production and
  radiocommunication, including the international
  exchange of programmes as well as the overall
  quality of service.

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ITU-R Study Group 6

• Chairman A. MAGENTA (Italy)
• Vice-Chairmen J.A. FLAHERTY (NABA)
• S. GLOTOV (Ukraine)
• J. KUMADA (Japan)
• H. KUSSMAN (Germany)
• R. NAJM (ASBU)
• K.M. PAUL (India)
• L. OLSON (USA)
• V. STEPANIAN (Iran)

38
ITU-R Study Group 6

• Working Parties and Task Group
• WP 6D Digital coding
• WP 6E Terrestrial emission
• WP 6M Interactivity and multimedia
• WP 6P Broadcasting systems, production, baseband
  signals, etc.
• WP 6Q Quality assessment
• WP 6R Recording for broadcasting
• WP 6S Satellite broadcasting
• TG 6/6 Recommendation for digital standard below
  30 MHz

39
ITU-R Study Group 6

• Working Party 6D
• (Chairman J. Johann, Germany)
• Digital Coding
• Source coding, multiplexing and baseband
  interfaces for digital sound-programme and
  television signals and for related data signals
  in programme production and post production
  studios.

40
ITU-R Study Group 6

• Working Party 6E
• (Co-Chairmen F. Conway, Canada, L. Olson, USA,
• S. Perpar, Slovenia)
• Terrestrial emission
• Channel coding, modulation, emission,
  propagation, antenna, reception and
  spectrum management for terrestrial broadcasting
  of sound-programme and television signals and of
  accompanying data signals.

41
ITU-R Study Group 6

• Working Party 6M
• (Co-Chairmen B. Aldous, UK,
• C. Weinzweig, USA)
• Interactivity and multimedia
• Provisions for interactive, multimedia and data
  services in sound-programme and television
  broadcasting

42
ITU-R Study Group 6

• Working Party 6P
• (Co-Chairmen D. Wood, EBU,
• C. Todd, USA)
• Broadcasting systems, production, baseband
  signals, etc
• Characteristics of analogue and digital baseband
  sound-programme and television signals and of
  related data signals in programme production and
  post production studios.

43
ITU-R Study Groups 6

• WP 6Q
• (Chairman J-P. Evain, EBU)
• Quality assessment
• Subjective assessment methods and perceptual
  measurement methods for sound and picture
  quality.

44
ITU-R Study Group 6

• WP 6R
• (Chairman P. Zaccarian, CBS)
• Recording for broadcasting
• Exchange and archiving of sound-programme and
  television recordings and of related data
  signals use of film in television.

45
ITU-R Study Group 6

• WP 6S
• (Chairman R.Zeitoun, Canada)
• Satellite broadcasting
• Channel coding, modulation, emission,
  propagation, reception and spectrum management
  for satellite broadcasting of sound-programme and
  television signals and of accompanying data
  signals.

46
ITU-R Study Group 6

• TG 6/6
• (Chairman J. Chilton, UK)
• Development of a Recommendation for digital
  broadcasting standard below 30 MHz

47
ITU-R Study Group 7

• SG 7 - SCIENCE SERVICES
• Scope
• Systems for space operation, space research,
  earth exploration and meteorology, including
  related links in inter-satellite service
• Radio astronomy and radar astronomy
• Dissemination, reception and coordination of
  standard-frequency and time-signal services
  worldwide, including satellite techniques
• Chairman R. TAYLOR (USA)
• Vice-Chairmen G. DE JONG (Netherlands)
• V. MEENS (France)
• R. JACOBSEN (Australia)
• M. VASILIEV (RF)

48
ITU-R Study Group 7

• Working Parties
• WP 7A Time signals and frequency standards
• WP 7B Space Radio Systems
• WP 7C Earth Exploration satellite and
  meteorological systems
• WP 7D Radioastronomy
• WP 7E CPM preparations and sharing issues

49
ITU-R Study Group 7

• Working Party 7A (Chairman J. De Jong)
• Time signals and frequency standards emissions
• Techniques for time transfer
• Possible use of SDH for accurate time signal
  transfer
• Time and frequency transfer using digital
  communication links
• Role of differential GPS networks in timing
  applications
• Algorithms for ensemble time-scales and
  measurement systems
• Two-way time transfer through communication
  satellites

50
ITU-R Study Group 7

• Working Party 7B (Chairman Mrs. S. Taylor, USA)
• Space radio systems
• Frequency sharing between the SR service and
  other services in various bands
• Space VLBI and other space research systems
• DRS orbital positions to be protected from other
  services
• Command link spectrum between 100-1000 MHz
• Radio links between earth stations and lunar and
  planetary missions by means of lunar and
  planetary DRS
• Handbooks on Space Research and DRS

51
ITU-R Study Group 7

• Working Party 7C (Chairman E. Marelli, ESA)
• EES and meteorological systems
• Frequency sharing between EES (passive) systems
  and systems in the FS, FSS, MSS and others in the
  various bands
• Active and passive microwave sensors
• Meteorological terrestrial and satellite aids
  including frequency sharing with MSS
• Preferred frequencies for the EES (passive) and
  SR (passive) services and the feasibility of
  sharing with other services in bands above 275
  GHz

52
ITU-R Study Group 7

• Working Party 7D (Chairman M. Oshishi, Japan)
• Radio astronomy
• Frequency sharing between the radio astronomy
  service and other services in bands above 70 GHz
• Protection of radio astronomy measurements
• Frequency utilization on the far side of the Moon
• Radar Astronomy

53
ITU-R Study Group 7

• Working Party 7E (Chairman J. Miller, USA)
• CPM preparations and sharing issues
• Res. 723 command link spectrum between 100-1000
  MHz
• Res. 723 use of the band 7145-7235 MHz by the
  SRS
• Res. 723 use of the band 32-32.3 GHz by the SRS
  (deep space)
• Res. 723 use of bands near 15 GHz and 26 GHz by
  the SSS
• Res. 730 use of the band 35.5-35.6 GHz by
  precipitation radars
• Res. 727 use of the band 420-470 MHz by the
  EESS (active)

54
ITU-R Study Group 8

• SG 8 - Mobile, Radiodetermination, Amateur
• and related satellite services
• Scope
• Systems and networks for the mobile,
  radiodetermination and amateur services,
  including related satellite services
• Chairman C. VAN DIEPENBEEK (Netherlands)
• Vice-Chairmen T. MIZUIKE (Japan)
• V.A. STRELETS (RF)
• R. SWANSON (USA)

55
ITU-R Study Group 8

• Working Parties
• WP 8A Land mobile service (except IMT-2000),
  amateur services
• WP 8B Maritime mobile (including GMDSS),
  aeronautical mobile and radiodetermination
  services
• WP 8D All mobile-satellite services
  and radiodetermination- satellite
  service
• WP 8F International Mobile Telecommunications-2
  000 (IMT- 2000) and systems beyond IMT-2000

56
ITU-R Study Group 8

• Working Party 8A (Chairman S. Towaij, Canada)
• Land mobile and amateur services
• Techniques and frequency usage
• Planning and sharing for land mobile service
• Radio paging, improved spectrum efficiency
  systems, cellular land mobile systems
• Location determination and guidance
• Radio Local Area Networks (RLANs) for mobile use
• Evolution of land mobile systems towards IMT-2000
• Transport Information and Control Systems (TICS)
• Handbook on Land Mobile Services

57
ITU-R Study Group 8

• Working Party 8B (Chairman R.L. SWANSON, USA)
• MMS (including GMDSS), AMS and RDS
• Interference in maritime, aeronautical and
  radiodetermination services
• Digital Selective Calling in MMS
• Improved efficiency in use of band 156-174 MHz
• Shipborne TDMA automatic identification
• Global Navigation Satellite Systems
• Wideband aeronautical telemetry
• Radionavigation-radiolocation Compatibility
• Data communications and automation in the MMS

58
ITU-R Study Group 8

• Working Party 8D (Chairman T. MIZUIKE, Japan)
• All MSS and RDSS
• GSO and Non GSO/MSS mobile earth station
  characteristics and antennas
• Distress and safety operations and disaster
  communications
• Sharing MSS with FS, MS and other services
• Technical and operational characteristics of
  systems in MSS and RDSS
• Satellite component of IMT-2000
• Handbook on Mobile Satellite Communications

59
ITU-R Study Group 8

• Working Party 8F (Chairman S. Blust, USA)
• IMT2000 and systems beyond
• Radio interfaces
• Spectrum related issues
• Global circulation of terminals
• IMT-2000 for developing countries
• Handbook on deployment of IMT-2000

60
ITU-R Study Group 9

• SG 9 - FIXED SERVICE
• Scope
• Systems and networks of the fixed service
  operating via terrestrial stations
• Chairman V.M. MINKIN (Russian Federation)
• Vice-Chairmen Mrs. K. MEDLEY (USA)
• A. HASHIMOTO (Japan)
• H. MAZAR (Israel)

61
ITU-R Study Group 9

• Working Parties
• WP 9A Performance and availability,
  interference objectives and analysis, effects
  of propagation and terminology
• WP 9B R.F. channel arrangements, system
  characteristics, interconnection, maintenance
  and various applications
• WP 9C HF Systems
• WP 9D Frequency sharing with other services
  (except FSS)
• JWP 4-9S Frequency sharing between FS and FSS

62
ITU-R Study Group 9

• Working Party 9A (Chairman M. Spini, Italy)
• Performance availability, interference
  objectives analysis, propagation effects and
  terminology
• Performance objectives related to ATM and IP
  packet transport
• Availability issues
• Bringing into service and maintenance limits
• Interference effects from various sources
• Derivation of criteria for short duration
  interference

63
ITU-R Study Group 9

• Working Party 9B (Chairman A. Hashimoto, Japan)
  
• R.F. channel arrangements, system
  characteristics, interconnection, maintenance and
  various applications
• WRC-2003 studies
• Res. 736 use of band 5150-5725 GHz by several
  services
• Res. 737 spectrum for Wireless Interactive
  Multimedia
• Res. 122 HAPS, at 47/48 GHz and in range 18-32
  GHz
• Res. 734 HAPS for FS and MS in bands above 3
  GHz
• R.F. channel and block-based arrangements in
  various bands
• Fixed wireless access systems (JRG 8A-9B)
• Radio aspects of SDH TMN

64
ITU-R Study Group 9

• Working Party 9C (Chairman N.M. Serinken,
  Canada)
• HF systems
• Adaptive HF systems
• Spread Spectrum techniques in the HF band
• Wideband HF channel simulation system

65
ITU-R Study Group 9

• Working Party 9D (Chairman K. Medley, USA)
• Frequency sharing with other services (except
  FSS)
• WRC-2003 studies
• Res. 539 - BSS (sound) at 2.6 GHz, R3 (JRG
  6S-9D)
• Res. 214 - allocations of bands below 1 GHz to
  MSS NGSO
• Res. 226, Res. 227 MSS 1-3 GHz
• HD-FSS spectrum above 17.3 GHz
• Antenna patterns for sharing studies
• Sharing with
• MS and MSS and Radiodetermination
• BSS (sound) in the 1-3 GHz range (JRG 6S-9D)
• Space Science services