Earth Science Earthquake

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Earth ScienceEarthquake

• Paradox
• By
• Rogsilenia Fernandez

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What are Earthquakes?

• The shaking or trembling caused by the sudden
  release of energy
• Usually associated with faulting or breaking of
  rocks
• Continuing adjustment of position results in
  aftershocks

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Science Objective

• Grade level 4th Grade
• The student observes how earthquake severity is
  affected by distance from the epicenter

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Instruction

• Place the box upside down on the table.
• Place 4 MM candies at the center of the box.
  Label A, B, and C.

A
B
C
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Instruction

• 3. Tap as shown. Observe that what happens to the
  MM candies at each location.
• 4. Record your observations in a chart

Hold this end of the box
A
B
C
Lightly tap every 30 seconds.
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Think about it.

• Infer
• Why do you think the MM candies at different
  locations moved different amounts?

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Earthquake

• Focus or Hypocenter
• -exact location of the earthquake
  disturbance-with few exceptions is located below
  the surface of the Earth
• Epicenter
• -the position on the
• surface of the Earth
• directly above the focus

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Propagating Waves

• Body waves expand( P and S) as spherical wave
  fronts within the Earth (3D) Body waves
• Surface waves (L and R) expand as circular wave
  fronts on the Earths surface (2D)

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Conclusion

• Energy dissipates as it gets further away.
• Similar to sound waves, magnitude and position
  play a vital role in determining distance
  traveled.
• The louder the sound or the stronger the
  vibration, the longer it will travel.
• The closer that one is to the sound or the
  vibration the louder the sound or vibration will
  occur.
• In this experiment, since A is closer to the
  epicenter than B, and B is closer than C.
• Mathematical expression A B C

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Reference

• http//earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/kids/eqscience
  .php
• http//volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/less
  ons/Rolling_earth/Rolling_earth1.html
• http//edtech.kennesaw.edu/web/earthqu.html
• http//www.brainpop.com/science/theearthsystem/ear
  thquakes/

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P-Wave Propagation
P waves - Compression waves similar to sound
waves Series of contractions and relaxations
Fastest, 5 km/sec (depends on rock type)
Travel through solid, liquid and gas
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S-Wave Propagation
S waves Shear waves motion is right angles to
direction of wave Half speed of P waves
Travel only through solid
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Surface Waves -move along the Earths surface
radiating out from epicenter
two types Rayleigh Love
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