BI 32383338 WELCOME TO THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW

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BI 3238/3338 WELCOME TO THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW

• GOOD MORNING
• January 18, 2007
• A word to the wise who desire a good grade, read
  the the entire Book of Matthew during the month
  of January.
• Men, Please remove headwear during class

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AN INTRODUCTION TO, AND AN OVERVIEW OF THE BOOK
OF MATTHEW
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Here are some things that WILL be asked on future
tests.

• Identify the three major divisions of Palestine
• Matthew, the man.
• The office of publican
• Major Jewish Institutions
• Contemporary Jewish Sects
• Contemporary Civil Rulers
• Matthew, the Book

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Major Jewish Institutions

• The Temple
• The Synagogue
• The Sanhedrin

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The Temple

• 1. Was built by Solomon, son of David. (2 Chiron
  2)
• 2. An elaborate replacement of the tabernacle
• 3. Was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kgs. 25)
• 4. Rebuilt by Zerrubabel (Ezra 3)
• 5. Enlarged by Herod the Great (Jos. Ant. XV. XI)
• 6. Destroyed by the Romans (70 A.D.)
• 7.Located in Jerusalem. With its altar, it was
  the only place where sin sacrifices could be
  offered by priests.

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The Synagogue

• Arose during the days of the Babylonian captivity
  (586-516)
• After their return it was continued throughout
  the dispersion where a town had at least 10
  Jewish families in it.
• Presided over by a board of elders, or rulers.
  (701)
• Used as a center for religious teaching as well
  as for town hall meetings.

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The Sanhedrin

• Jewish supreme court. The recognized headship
  for judging and deciding matters concerning the
  law and Jewish tradition.
• Consisted of 70 members pus the High priest who
  presided. Called the 70 1.
• Composed mostly of priests, Sadduceean
  aristocrats, few Pharisees, scribes and elders
  (tribal or family heads).

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Sadducees

• Originated sometime between the Testaments.
  Given to mostly secular considerations, they
  favored Greek customs. They were a priestly
  clique, and though religious officials of
  Judaism, they were in fact irreligious. They were
  the wealthy, conservative class with a lot of
  influence. They composed the majority of the
  Sanhedrin. They held to only the Pentateuch, and
  rejected the doctrine of the resurrection, angels
  and spirits. (Acts 238)

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The Pharisees

• Believed to have originated in the 3rd century
  B.C. Generally less affluent than the Sadducees,
  and believed in angels, spirits and the
  resurrection from the dead. (Acts 238)
• During the Greek occupation they opposed
  hellenization of the Jews and bound the
  tradition of the elders upon Jews. Others were
  considered sinners. They developed into
  hypocritical formalists and was soundly condemned
  by Jesus. (Matt. 23)

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Herodians

• A political party believed to be formed by Herod
  the Great. Backed Herods claim to the Jewish
  throne.
• These Jews, although in difference to, aligned
  themselves with the Pharisees and Sadducees to
  keenly oppose Jesus. They are mentioned only in
  Matt. 2216, Mk. 36 and 1213.
• With the Pharisees they tried to entrap Jesus on
  the subject of whether to pay taxes to Caesar or
  not. (Mark 1214)

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Zealots

• A Jewish patriotic party also known as
  Nationalists. They were fanatical defenders of
  the Jewish theocracy, who took vengeance of those
  who wronged it, but themselves also being guilty
  of great excesses. (Ungers Dict.)
• Fanatics among themselves were known as the
  Sicarii
• Leaders in a rebellion against Rome for Jewish
  independence in 68 A.D., after the fall of
  Jerusalem in 70 A.D., they fled to the Masada
  where they under siege committed total suicide
  rather than surrender.
• Simon the apostle, was called Zelotes to
  distinguish him from Peter. (Mt. 104)

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THE ESSENES

• Not mentioned in the New Testament by name.
• They were an extremely ascetic society of the
  communal form. Had a colony on west coast of Dead
  Sea Called Qumran, near which the Dead Sea
  Scrolls were found in 1947.
• Some believe John the Baptist was an Essene but
  this cannot be proved and is very unlikely.

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SCRIBES

• THE SCRIBES DATE BACK TO THE EARLY DAYS OF EZRA.
  (6TH CENT. B.C.)
• THEY WERE COPIEST OF THE LAW, WELL EDUCATED
  DOCTORS, HIGHLY RESPECTED AND THEIR VIEWS WERE
  RELIGIOUS VIEWS HELD IN HIGH ESTEEM.

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Civil Issues to Know

• TO UNDERSTAND MATTHEWS WRITING WE MUST KNOW A
  LITTOLE ABOUT THE CIVIL AUTHORITIES HE SPEAKS OF
• Augustus Caesar Herod the Great
• Tiberius Caesar Herod Archaelaus
• Herod Antipas
• Herod Philip

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The Civil Government Augustus Caesar (Born 63
B.C. Emp. 27-A.D.A.D. 14 Luke 21)

• Ist Roman emperior. Augustus was emperor during
  the birth and half the lifetime of Jesus. His
  name occurs in Luke 21 as the emperor who
  ordered the enrollment which caused Joseph and
  Mary to journey to Bethlehem, the place where the
  Messiah was to be born (Micah 52)
• Point of InterestCaesarean Section)
• FOR NOTES Who was the emperor when Jesus was
  born? How did he effect the birth of Jesus? Where
  was Jesus to be born? why?

• Octavian Augustus

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Tiberius Caesar (A.D. 14-37, Luke 31)

• 2nd Roman Emperor AD14/08/19 Tiberius Caesar
  Augustus. Died AD37/03/16 smothered by Macro in
  his bed at or near Micenum.
• Importance John the Baptist began his ministry
  in the 15th year of his reign. Helps date the
  period . (141529 A.D. --Herod slew babies under
  two.)
• For NOTEs

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KING Herod the Great 37 4 B.C. (Matt. 21)

• 1.  Herod the Great, tetrarch of Judea, B. C. 41
  King of Judea, B. C. 37-4 tyrannical and
  cruel. By religion he was a Jew, by birth an
  Idumean, and a Hellenist by culture, and
  political allegiance to Rome. To his inferiors
  he was ruthless, behaved cruelly to member of his
  own family, played along with his which ever
  ruler was in power, and would change side in a
  moment to extend his purposes.
• Drowned one son by Doris
• Out of rumor and jealousy murdered his 2nd wife
  Mariamne
• Had his/her two other sons strangled
• Murdered two of his own sons.
• Insanely jealous. Filled with paronoia, order
  death of Bethlehem babies (216)
• Feel painfully ill. Ordered all homorable men
  locked up in Jericho and to eb killed at his
  death.
• Reconstructed Temple to an Elaborate state.

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Herod Archelaus 4 B.C.6A.D. (Mt. 222)
SON OF HEROD THE GREAT BY A SAMARITIAN WOMAN,
MALTHAKE,, AND, WITH HIS BROTHER ANTIPAS, BROUGHT
UP AT ROME. AT THE DEATH OF HEROD THE GREAT
(B.C.4) THE KINGDOM WAS DIVIDED BETWEEN HIS THREE
SONS, HEROD ANTIPAS, HEROD ARCHELAUS AND HEROD
PHILIP, ARCHELAUS NEVER PROPERLY BORE THE TITLE
KING, MATT. 222, BUT ONLY THAT OF ETHNARCH.
(Judea Samaria) A COMPLAINT WAS ISSUED AGAINST
HIM IN THE 10TH YEAR OF HIS REIGN BY HIS BROTHERS
AND SUBJECTS ON THE GROUNDS OF TYRANNY. HE WAS
BANISHED TO GAUL WHERE HE DIED. AFTER HIS
BANISHMENT, AUGUSTUS MADE HIS TERRITORY A ROMAN
PROVINCE CALLED JUDEA RULED BY GOVERNORS, THE
MOST FAMOUS WAS PONTIUS PILATE 26-36 A.D.
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Herod Antipas/ Philip (Matt. 141)

• Herod Antipas Jewish leader, ruler of Galilee
  and Peraea between 4 BC and 39 A.D. Herod Antipas
  was the son of  the Jewish king Herod the Great
  and his wife Malthace he was full brother of
  Archelaus and a half brother of Philip. With his
  brothers Archelaus and Philip, he was educated in
  Rome, a kind of honorable detention to guarantee
  his father's loyalty. In his father's testament,
  Herod Antipas was appointed tetrarch of Galilee
  and Peraea (the east bank of the Jordan). The
  Roman emperor Augustus confirmed this decision
  and Antipas' reign could begin (4 BC). Stole
  Philips (his brother) wife and murdered John the
  Baptist. LK. 1332 Jesus called him a FOX! King
  during the crucifixion of Jesus. Eventually
  banished by Caligula (Caesar) to Gaul, then Spain
  where he died.

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• THE BOOK OF MATTHEW

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• Matthew was not the original title
• Works originally identified by first lines.
• Euaggelion was soon added
• Papias, 130, Bishop of Heiropolis
• Clement of Rome 140
• Later, Kata Maqqaion According to Matthew
  appeared
• Vaticanus, 1209, Irenaeus, 185 uses it
• Tatian, included it in his Diatessaron (Harmony
  of the Gospels)
• Didache 110
• agion was attached agion evangelion kata
  Maqqaion
• Today, most simply have Matthew

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DISTINCTIVE FEATURES

• Most Jewish of the gospels, but not exclusively
• Most anti-pharisaic
• 32 references To kingdom of heaven to only 4
  references To the kingdom of God
• He exclusively uses the word church
• He exclusively relates scenes of the judgment
• He exclusively relates the Sermon on the Mount

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THREE MAJOR DIVISIONS MAY BE OBSERVED

• 1. PRE-MINISTRY YEARS 1-416
• 2. JESUS PUBLIC MINISTRY 417-2766
• PART I. THE DISCOVERY PHASE --417-1620
• WHO IS JESUS OF NAZARETH
• PART II. THE PASSION PHASE-- 1621-2766
• THE MESSIAH MUST SUFFER AND DIE.
• 3. JESUS GLORIFICATION 281-20

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PART I OF THE DISCOVERY DIVISION HAS FOUR
SECTIONS, EACH BEGINNING WITH A TRANSITIONAL
STATEMENT

• 1 417-727 FROM THAT TIME
• A period of early instruction culminating in the
  Sermon on the Mount
• 2. 728-1042 IT CAME TO PASS
• Further inst. to His disciples, culminating in
  the Limited Commission
• 3. 111-1352 IT CAME TO PASS
• Climax of unbelief. Intro. Of new teaching method
• 4. 1353-1620 IT CAME TO PASS Peters
  confession, and end of part I

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THE 2ND DIVISIOM HAS THREE SECTIONS, EACH
BEGINNING WITH A TRANSITIONAL STATEMENT

• 1. 1621-1835 From that time.
• Marks the beginning of the passion period
• 2. 191-2546 He had finished these sayings.
• Highpoints Israels obstinacy. The judgment of
  Jerusalem and the world.
• 3. 261-28 It Came to pass. The last Passover,
  crucifixion and resurrection
• SEVEN sections make up the two divisions

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TWO DISTINCT THEMES AND CLIMAXES MAY BE OBSERVED

• The themes of 1) belief and 2) unbelief running
  concurrentlysome believed Jesus, some didnt
  believe him
• 1. A Climax of unbelief in Jesus is reached at
  1224
• 2. A Climactic expression of belief Is reached
  at 1618

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5 DISTINCTIVE FEATURES MAY BE OBSERVED

• Most Jewish of the gospels, but not exclusive
• Most anti-pharisaic
• 32 ref. To kingdom of heaven to only 4 ref. To
  the kingdom of God
• He exclusively uses the word church
• He exclusively relates scenes of the judgment
• He exclusively relates the Sermon on the Mount

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MATTHEW EMPHASIZES

• JESUS IS THE LONG LOOKED FOR MESSIAH
• Genealogy ends at Abraham
• Uses repeatedly The formula that it might be
  fulfilled.
• Son of David 11x Mk.3x Jn. 0.
• God as Father 45x MK. 4x Lk. 15x
• Son of man 3x Mk. 14x Lk. 25 Jno. 13
• JESUS AS TEACHER 10x to teach 10x
• Refers to the SOTM as teaching (52 728,29)
• Refers to Himself as Master 238
• He taught with authority 729

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ALSO EMPHASIZES

• FINAL THINGS
• The 10 virgins, the talents, the sheep and goats,
  the tares, the dragnet.
• Weeping and gnashing of teeth (5x to Lukes
  1x.---Mark 0)
• PARABLES
• MATTHEW 13FF

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TEXTUAL STUDY OF MATTHEW
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Launches his Basic Theme Jesus is the Jewish
Messiah With a Detailed Genealogy

• Any Messianic claim would be totally useless
  without proper Jewish genealogy.
• 1) HE DEMONSTRATES THAT JESUS IS QUALIFIED BY
  LEGAL DESCENT AND BY PROMISE STIPULATIONS (A
  must to convince a Jew)
• Title The Book of the Genealogy of
• Jesus Christ the anointed of God (Ps. 456-7)
• The Son of David the royal heir (Ps. 1321)
• The Son of Abraham the promised seed (Gen.
  121ff)

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MEMORIZATION WAS ESSENTIAL FOR INSTRUCTION IN
THOSE DAYS

• MATTHEW USES TWO IMPORTANT METHODS
• MNEMONIC EXERCISE
• 14 NAMES, SEPARATED BY IMPORTANT HISTORICAL
  EVENTS.
• PATTERN OF GEMATRIA
• USE OF NUMERICAL VALUES DWD 46414

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Chapter one THE TITLE AND GENEALOGY

• Verse 1. The book of the generation of Jesus
  Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham.
• The Title to this section, --not to the book
• as it appeared in Jewish records.
• The tax collectors method of introducing Jesus
  of Nazareth, the Savior of His life.
• According to Matthew was the title of reference
  by early church historians.

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The Genealogy Serves Notice that Old Barriers Are
Down

• 1) The Barrier between Jew and Gentile is down
  Rahab of Jericho, Ruth the Moabite
• 2) The barrier between male female is down.
• 3. The barrier between Saint and Sinner is down.
  Rahab, Tamar Bathsheba (Mt. 913)
• Here then, in the genealogy of Jesus, is a
  glimmer of the extent of Gods love

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Matthew Intentionally Conveys the Virgin Birth

• 15. And Eliud begat Eleazar and Eleazar begat
  Matthan and Matthan begat Jacob
• 16. And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary,
  of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ.

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THE BIRTH

• 18. Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this
  wise When as his mother Mary was espoused to
  Joseph,
• before they came together, she was found with
  child of the Holy Ghost. (Writes book to present
  this as fact)
• Conceived in her is of 120
• The spoken word was the sown seed Lk. 81
• Conception was by faith in the word Lk. 145
  Blessed is she who believed that there would be
  a fulfillment of what was spoken to her from
  the Lord.
• By faith she miraculously conceived by the word
  (Heb. 1111)

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THE ROLL OF JOSEPH

• Joseph, her husband
• Being just, sought to spare her public
  humiliation
• Righteous man in league with Abraham, Elizabeth
  and Zacharias
• Joseph thou son of David the royal line
• Be not afraidthis is Gods work.
• She shall bear a son Not unto thee a son as
  in Lk. 113 and Gen. 1719
• Thou shall call his name Jesus (yours, but not
  yours)
• You shall be an foster father. God gives him his
  name, means God is His real Father.

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JESUS NAME UNDERSCORES HIS MISSION

• for he shall save
• sosei from soter to save from the worst of
  mortal dangers
• His people Who are they?
• Not the unbelieving Jews 111 but those
  described in Mt. 12 48-49 But he answered and
  said unto him that told him, Who is my mother?
  and who are my brethren?And he stretched forth
  his hand toward his disciples, and said, Behold
  my mother and my brethren Gal. 37 they which
  are of faith, the same are the children of
  Abraham.

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Matthew Quotes Isaiah 714 as Typical to Jesus
Birth

• Behold, a virgin (almah is rendered parthenos in
  The Septuagint) shall conceive, and bear a son,
  and shall call his name Immanuel.
• Betrothal period as binding as marriage, so Mary
  is called the wife of Joseph.
• If found with child during this period the
  husband (betrothed had a choicepunishing her
  publicly, or divorcing her privately.
• IMMANUEL GOD WITH US..(Mt. 2819-20)