To Cite Is Right

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To Cite Is Right!

• Or

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Avoiding Plagiarism,Pleasing Profs, Living an
Academically Honest Life
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What is plagiarism?

• Plagiarism is using the words, ideas,
• research results, formulae, images,
• or data from another person
• without giving credit to the originator
• of those words, ideas,
• research results,
• formulae, images
• or data

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• Many students feel that
• by using footnotes, endnotes, or citations
• their papers will not be as good
• as papers that make fewer references to other
  works.
• But this conclusion is just plain wrong

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In fact, by citing sources where appropriate
youre guaranteeing a better grade than if you
write a paper without adequately giving credit to
your source material!

• Paper with citationsno plagiarism

• No citationsplagiarized material

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Why?!?

• By providing citations to other works, a
  writer is showing how he or she is entering into
  the conversation of a given field, building upon
  whats already been said and adding his or her
  own voice.

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• To Cite Is Right!

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When do you need to cite a source?

• Whenever you use the
• words (written or spoken)
• ideas
• formulae
• research results
• images or
• data
• of another person--unless that information is
  common knowledge

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What is common knowledge?

• Common knowledge is anything that is
  considered known by the vast majority of the
  population. Examples include
• Chicago is the largest city in Illinois
• a2 b2 c2
• In those examples, you would not be expected to
  cite the census or Pythagoras.

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Example of when you would be expected to cite a
source

• When youre including information that isnt
  common knowledge, you would want to cite it
• Chicago became a city with a population of
  4,170 on March 4, 1837 (ByCityLight, 2).
• The complete reference for this source would
  then be found at the end of the paper in the
  Works Cited page
• Chicago, Illinois. ByCityLights.com. 31
  October 2007 ltbycitylights.com/cities/us-il-chicag
  o-history.phpgt.

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Another example

• As Julius Smith notes, in 2D, the Pythagorean
  Theorem says that when x and y are orthogonal
  then we have
•     xy2 x2 y2 (x-y). (Fourier
  Theorems)
• The Works Cited page would include this
  citation
• Smith, J.O. "Fourier Theorems for the DFT" in
  Mathematics of the Discrete Fourier Transform
  (DFT) with Audio Applications, 2nd ed. 2007. 31
  October 2007 lthttp//ccrma.stanford.edu/jos/mdft/
  Fourier_Theorems_DFT.htmlgt.

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• To Cite Is Right!

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Its fairly obvious that copying directly from a
source without using quotation marks and not
providing a citation is plagiarism.What about
when we copy from a source and change a few words
(i.e., paraphrase) without indicating its
originator?
This is also plagiarism.
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Why is paraphrasing plagiarism?

• If you steal your roommates pillow and put it
  in your pillowcase, it is still your roommates
  pillow, right?
• Its no different if you
• take an idea from
• someone elseits still
• their idea, not yours.

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• To Cite Is Right!

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Thought problems

• Properly using citations in a research paper
  ensures a better grade than not using any
  citations. T / F
• WHY?

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As long as you have a Bibliography/Works
Cited/Works Consulted page, you will not need to
use footnotes or endnotes or parenthetical
references. T / F

• WHY?

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Tobacco use was significantly higher among white
students (Plt.001), users of other substances
(alcohol and marijuana) (Plt.001), and students
whose priorities were social rather than
educational or athletic (Plt.05). (Rigotti, Lee
and Wechsler, 699)

• Studies have shown that students who use
  alcohol or marijuana are more likely to also use
  alcohol.
• Plagiarism or not?

• The above statement was taken from a
  scholarly journal.
• If a student were to include the sentence on
  the right in a research paper, would it be
  considered plagiarism?

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Tobacco use was significantly higher among white
students (Plt.001), users of other substances
(alcohol and marijuana) (Plt.001), and students
whose priorities were social rather than
educational or athletic (Plt.05). (Rigotti, Lee
and Wechsler, 699)

• Athletes are not as likely to use tobacco as
  those students who attend college with the aim of
  meeting friends.
• Plagiarism or not?

• Using the same sentence, above, determine
  whether the students statement on the right
  would be considered plagiarism or not.

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• To Cite Is Right!

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When in doubt

• Ask your professor!
• Ask at the Writing Center!
• Ask a librarian!
• We all want to see you succeed!

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Works Consulted

• Chicago, Illinois. ByCityLights.com. 31
  October 2007 ltbycitylights.com/cities/us-il-chicag
  o-history.phpgt.
• Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism The WPA
  Statement on Best Practices. Online posting.
  22 October 2007 lthttp//wpacouncil.org/positions/p
  lagiarism.htmlgt.
• Moulton, Janice and George Robinson. Plagiarism
  Encyclopedia of Ethics, 2nd ed. New York
  Routledge, 2002.
• Plagiarism. Online posting. 25 October 2007
  lthttp//www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/plagiaris
  m.htmlgt
• Rigotti, Nancy A., Jae Eun Lee, and Henry
  Wechsler. U.S. College Students Use of Tobacco
  Products. Journal of the American Medical
  Association 284 (2000) 699-705.
• Stepchyshyn, Vera and Robert S.Nelson. Library
  Plagiarism Policies CLIP Note 37. Chicago
  American Library Assocation, 2007.
• Smith, J.O. "Fourier Theorems for the DFT" in
  Mathematics of the Discrete Fourier Transform
  (DFT) with Audio Applications, 2nd ed. 2007. 31
  October 2007 lthttp//ccrma.stanford.edu/jos/mdft/
  Fourier_Theorems_DFT.htmlgt.