La Nueva Generacin en Automatizacin de Bibliotecas

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La Nueva Generación en Automatización de
Bibliotecas
Marshall BreedingDirector for Innovative
Technologies and Research Vanderbilt
University http//staffweb.library.vanderbilt.edu/
breeding http//www.librarytechnology.org/
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Abstract

• Next Generation Library Automation gives a
  forward-looking view of some of the initiatives
  currently underway that stand to substantially
  revise the models of automation for libraries.

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Rethinking the ILS

• Fundamental assumption Print Digital Hybrid
  libraries
• Traditional ILS model not adequate for hybrid
  libraries
• Libraries currently moving toward surrounding
  core ILS with additional modules to handle
  electronic content
• New discovery layer interfaces replacing or
  supplementing ILS OPACS
• Working toward a new model of library automation
• Monolithic legacy architectures replaced by
  fabric of SOA applications
• Comprehensive Resource Management

It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS
Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007
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ILS a legacy concept

• ILS Integrated Library System
• (Cataloging Circulation OPAC Serials
  Acquisitions)
• Focused on print and physical inventory
• Electronic content at the Journal Title or
  collection level
• Emerged in the 1960s 1970s
• Functionality has evolved and expanded, but basic
  concepts and modules remain intact
• Note Some companies work toward evolving the ILS
  to competently handle both print and digital
  content (e.g. Innovative Interfaces)

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ILS ever diminishing role

• Many libraries putting much less emphasis on ILS
• Just an inventory system for physical materials
• Investments in electronic content increasing
• Management of e-content handled outside of the
  ILS
• Yet libraries need comprehensive business
  automation more than ever. Mandate for more
  efficient operations. Do more with less.

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Dis-integration of Library Automation
Functionality

• ILS -- Print and Physical inventory
• OpenURL Link resolver
• Federated Search
• Electronic Resource Management Module
• More about this later
• Discovery layer interface

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Is non-integrated automation sustainable?

• Major burden on library personnel
• Serial procurement / installation / configuration
  / maintenance cycles take many years to result in
  a comprehensive environment
• Inefficient data models
• Disjointed interfaces for library users
• Very long cycle to gain comprehensive automation

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Electronic Resource Management Systems

• Automation Module specifically designed to manage
  a librarys subscriptions to electronic content
• Managed approach for all aspects of electronic
  subscription content
• Product coverage, license terms, cost, payment
  and procurement data, vendor data, use data
• COUNTER compliant use statistics
• SUSHI for automated gathering of use statistics

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Electronic Resource Management Systems

• Promising but troubled genre of software designed
  to manage e-content
• Extending ILS acquisitions to handle license
  terms and other aspects of electronic
  subscriptions
• Very slow adoption by libraries
• Complex integration issues
• Products launched in 2002-2004
• Increased adoption expected in next 2 years

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Profile-based e-content management

• Reliance on a knowledgebase that describes the
  contents of all available publisher packages and
  aggregated content offerings
• Ability to identify individual titles and
  articles available to library users based on a
  profile of the librarys current subscriptions
• OpenURL link resolvers and ERM products both
  depend on the knowledgebase
• Synchronization of ILS through MARC update
  services
• Efficacy of these products depends as much on the
  accuracy and currency of the knowledgebase than
  the quality of the software

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ERM Deployments
Helping you buy Electronic Resource Management
Systems Computers in Libraries July 2008 issue
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E-Journal Knowledge bases

• Commercial
• Serials Solutions
• (KnowledgeWorks)
• Ex Libris
• (SFX Global Knowledgebase)
• TD Net
• Openly Informatics / OCLC

• Community
• JAKE jointly administered knowledge environment
  was an collaborative project
• Now defunct. Displaced by commercial ventures.

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New genre of discovery layer interfaces

• Traditional ILS OPAC inadequate for todays
  Web-savvy library users
• Scope too narrow
• Complex, non-intuitive interface
• Yet Necessary for some types of research
• Working toward a single point of entry for all
  the content and services offered by the library

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Common Next-Gen Interface features

• Decoupled interface
• Advanced search engines
• Relevancy ranked results
• Faceted Navigation
• Graphically enriched displays
• Real-time interaction with ILS
• Advanced user services and information delivery
  features

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Current Products

• Primo (Ex Libris)
• Encore (Innovative Interfaces)
• Aquabrowser (Bowker / Serials Solutions)
• WorldCat Local (OCLC)
• Visualizer (VTLS)
• eXtensive Catalog (University of Rochester)
• VUFind (open source / Villanova University)
• Scriblio (open source)
• http//www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl

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Deep search

• Entering post-metadata search era
• Increasing opportunities to search the full
  contents
• Google Library Print, Google Publisher, Open
  Content Alliance, Microsoft Live Book Search,
  etc.
• High-quality metadata will improve search
  precision
• Commercial search providers already offer search
  inside the book
• No comprehensive full text search for books quite
  yet
• Beginning to appear in library search
  environments
• U of Mich (http//mblog.lib.umich.edu/blt/archives
  /2008/05/search_full-tex.html )
• Deep search highly improved by high-quality
  metadata
• See Systems Librarian, May 2008 Beyond the
  current generation of next-generation interfaces
  deeper search

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Advancement of Federated Search

• Shift from Distributed Query to Centralized
  Search
• Federated search based on distributed query
• Shallow results
• Limited scalability
• Slow performance
• Harvest metadata or full text for creating
  comprehensive consolidated indexes
• E.g. Google Scholar
• Non-commercial efforts?
• The Royal Library of using the Deep Search
  architecture to present items found in the
  Digital Article Database Service repository of 65
  million articles, housed in the Technical
  Information Center of Denmark.

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Architecture and Standards

• Need to have an standard approach for connecting
  new generation interfaces with ILS and other
  repositories
• Proprietary and ad hoc methods currently prevail
• Digital Library Federation
• ILS-Discovery Interface Group
• http//www.librarytechnology.org/blog.pl?ThreadID
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• Initial foray into a broader set of protocols
  that open up other aspects of the ILS

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For more information

• Next Generation Library Catalogs by Marshall
  Breeding
• Library Technology Reports June/July 2007
• ALA TechSource

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Moving toward a new Generation of Library
Automation

• Legacy ILS concepts not sustainable
• New automation environment based on current
  library realities and modern technology platforms
• Equal footing for digital and print
• Service oriented architecture

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Breaking down the modules

• Traditional ILS
• Cataloging
• Circulation
• Online Catalog
• Acquisitions
• Serials control
• Reporting
• Modern approach SOA

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Service Oriented Architecture
http//www.sun.com/products/soa/benefits.jsp
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Legacy ILS e-content modules
End User Interfaces
Federated Search
OpenURL Linking
Electronic Resource Mgmt System
Circulation
Acquisitions
Functional modules
Cataloging
Serials
Data Stores
Staff Interfaces
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SOA model for business automation

• Underlying data repositories
• Local or Global
• Reusable business services
• Composite business applications

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SOA for library workflow processes
Composite Applications
Reusable Business Services
Granular tasks
Data Stores
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Web Services and the Service-Oriented Architecture

• Library Technology Reports
• May / June 2006
• By Marshall Breeding
• ALA TechSource
• The report includes conceptual descriptions of
  the technology as well as some technical
  information on how Web services are implemented.
  Library administrators or others that need to
  make decisions regarding library-related
  technology systems or issues will gain a
  perspective on the importance of this technology
  as well as how the implementation of Web services
  may relate to other library trends and
  initiatives.

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More Open Systems

• Pressure for traditionally licensed products to
  become more open
• APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) let
  libraries access and manipulate their data
  outside of delivered software
• A comprehensive set of APIs potentially give
  libraries more flexibility and control in
  accessing data and services and in extending
  functionality than having access to the source
  code.
• Customer access to APIs does not involve as much
  risk to breaking core system functions, avoids
  issues of version management and code forking
  associated with open source models.

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A Continuum of Openness
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Closed Systems
End User Interfaces
No programmable Access to the system. Captive
to the user Interfaces supplied by the developer
Programmer access
Acquisitions
Circulation
Cataloging
Functional modules
Data Stores
Staff Interfaces
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Standard RDBM Systems
Database administrators can access data stores
involved with the system Read-only? Read/write?
Developer shares database schema
End User Interfaces
Programmer access
Acquisitions
Circulation
Cataloging
Functional modules
Data Stores
Staff Interfaces
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Open Source Model
End User Interfaces
Programmer access
Acquisitions
Circulation
Cataloging
All aspects of the system available to inspection
and modification.
Functional modules
Data Stores
Staff Interfaces
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Open API Model
End User Interfaces
Programmer access
Core application closed. Third party developers
code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables.
Acquisitions
Circulation
Cataloging
Functional modules
Published APIs
Data Stores
Staff Interfaces
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Open Source / Open API Model
End User Interfaces
Programmer access
Core application closed. Third party developers
code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables.
Acquisitions
Circulation
Cataloging
Functional modules
Published APIs
Data Stores
Staff Interfaces
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Depth of Openness

• Evaluate level of access to a products data
  stores and functional elements
• Open source vs Traditional licenses
• Some traditional vendors have well established
  API implementations
• SirsiDynix Unicorn (API available to authorized
  customer sites that take training program)
• Ex Libris consistent deployment of APIs in major
  products, recent strategic initiative Open
  Platform Program
• Innovative Interfaces Patron API

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Universal open APIs?

• Some progress on API to support discovery layer
  interfaces, but no comprehensive framework yet.
• Many industry protocols work like APIs
• Z39.50, SRU/W, NCIP, OAI-PMH, OpenURL, etd
• It would be ideal if there were an open set of
  APIs that were implemented by all automation
  system products.
• Third party components and add-ons would then
  work across all products.
• DLF ILS-Discovery Interface protocol. Targets
  interoperability between ILS and new genre of
  interfaces
• AKA Berkeley Accords

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Current initiatives
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Comprehensive Resource Management

• Broad conceptual approach that proposes a library
  automation environment that spans all types of
  content that comprise library collections.
• Traditional ILS vendors Under development but no
  public announcements
• Open Source projects in early phases
• Projection 2-3 years until we begin see library
  automation systems that follow this approach. 5-7
  years for wider adoption.

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Open Library Management System

• Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
• Research in Information Technology program
• Solicited proposal / Lead institution
• Duke University selected to lead project
• Core Participants Kansas University, Lehigh
  University, National Library of Australia,
  Library and Archives Canada, University of
  Pennsylvania, Marshall Breeding
• Advisory Participants University of Chicago,
  Wittier College, University of Maryland, Orbis
  Cascade Alliance, Rutgers University
• Status Proposal complete, pending consideration
  from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

http//www.mellon.org/grant_programs/programs/rit
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Questions and Discussion