Genocide in Germany

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Genocide in Germany
Ethnic Cleansing in Yugoslavia
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Group Members

• 4D Fu Chun Man Emily (15) Choy Chun Ki
  (10)
• Tin Ka Wing (28) Yung
  Ka Wai (44)
• 4C Wong Nga Ying (37)

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Reasons for choosing the topic

• 1. genocides in Germany and Yugoslavia had had
  far-reaching influence in history.
• ? significance impacts triggered more
  instability all over the world
• ? ideas had been rooted in peoples mind, esp.
  extremists
• ? ethnic tensions remained high though
  Yugoslav Civil War came to an end
• ?numerous clashes and assaults

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2. genocides in Germany and Yugoslavia were the
largest in scale in human history ?Hitler
killed six million Jews altogether, only 100,000
Jews survived in Europe
?Yugoslavia(1991-7) hundreds of thousands
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• 3.want to know the reasons why they implemented
  genocides and ethnic cleansings
• ? query whether Hitler and Milosevic had
  judgment
• ? despite of the condemnation of the
  international community
• ? international community adopted a
  wait-and-see attitude
• made little diplomatic mediation
  efforts
• inexplicable
• Lets view a funny video ?
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vfghUKDi2lfcsearch
  HITLER

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Meaning of Genocide

• Genocide refers to" the systematic killing of, or
  a program of action intended to destroy, a whole
  national or ethnic group.
• the policy of killing of ethnic group, called
  ethnic cleansing (e.g. Germany Hitler and
  Yugoslavia - Milosevic )

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Brief situation of Genocide in Germany

• In 1930, Germany was unstable after the First
  World War. Afterwards, Hitler was raised up and
  adopted Genocide (killed 6 millions Jews) in
  order to control the world.

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The description of Germany
?established the Weimar Republic ?accepted unfair
punishment (the Treaty of Versailles) ?Weimar
Republic failed to solve problems ?good chance
for Hitler to rise up
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The causes of the Genocide in Germany

• Racial Superiority of the Aryans Hitler hated
  Jews since the Jews were the most inferior. He
  thought Aryans had to rule over all other races
  since Aryans was the best race and. Also, he
  stated that Jews should be destroyed because they
  polluted Aryans through intermarriages.

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• Anti- Semitism It refers to the belief that one
  'racism group' is inferior to another and the
  practices of the dominant group to maintain the
  inferior position of the dominated group. Often
  defined as a combination of power, prejudice and
  discrimination. The racial theories and power
  politics of the Party did not long deceive true
  believers. Therefore, Hitler had developed
  certain racial theories which he expanded and
  imposed on the people.

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The course of the Genocide

• 1933-39
• Hitler adopted a piecemeal policy to exclude
  Jews from the political, economic,
  institutional,educational, social, and religious
  life of Germany
• As soon as Poland was conquered, he Germans had
  begun rounding up millions of Jews and confining
  them to ghettos in the major Polish cities
• In 1933,construction of first concentration camp

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• providing for special identification card for
  Jews
• In the late 1939,Jews were sent to concentration
  camps.Some of them were killed by shooting,
• or killed by experimental gassing
• In 1941, Germen Jews over the age of 6 had
• towear a yellow star emblem in publics (so that
• others could recognize them as Jewish people)
• Jews are not allowed to leave their place for
• residence. Also, there were mass killings of
• Jews by SS (Schutzstaffel)

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• 1944, genocide further developed and death
  marches of prisoners from Auschwitz
  (concentration camp)

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The end of Genocide in Germany

• By the spring of 1945, Germany was totally
  defeated.
• Soviet liberated Auschwitz , British troops
  entered the concentration camp of Bergen-Belsen ,
  the last remaining concentration camp was
  liberated by the American troops
• ?With the liberation by those Allies and the
  surrender of Germany, that forced to stop the
  genocide towards Jews was forced to stop

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Brief situation of ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia

• ethnic cleansing
• ? infamous
• ? introduced into international vocabulary
• ? meaning using violence to remove people from a
  particular territory so that it will be dominated
  by another nationality of a different culture or
  religion
• goal to create an ethnically pure country
  consisting of just one original nationality
• first gained world-wide currency in the Bosnian
  Civil War in 1992-95
• slaughters continued to occur
• leading to ethnic cleansing was again implemented
  in Kosovo in the Serbian Civil War (1998-99)

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• worst single incident occurred in the largely
  Albanian province of Kosovo
• long contested by its Albanian majority (wanted
  independence) Serb minority (perceived
  themselves as targets of Albanian ethnic
  cleansing looked to Serbia to help.)

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The causes of the ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia

• Death of Tito
• ?left a power vacuum
• ?The parties promoting nationalism
  in the republics
• won the election. Then ,they
  planned to declare
• independence
• uneven distribution of wealth
• ?widening gap in wealth between
  areas increased people's opposition
• The rise of nationalism
• ? Tensions grew stronger in the
  late 1980swhen the Slobodan Milosevic became the
  leader of Serbia, who promoted Pan- Slavism (
  Greater-Serbia nationalism ) end stirred up Serb
  nationalism to further his own political
  ambitions.

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• ? Kosovo was the poorest region of Yugoslavia.
  where 1.7 millions Albanians and 200'000 Serbs
  lived.
• ? The Kosovo Albanian did not like being
  controlled by Serbia and began a series of
  attacks on the Serb minority.
• ? Milosevic reacted by removing all Albanians
  rights and leadership in government ,and further
  removed the autonomous of Kosovo , which was
  brought under the direct rule of the Serbian
  government.(heavy hand policy)
• ? The other republics were alarmed and began to
  assert their authority

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• the collapse of communism
• ? Free elections had been held in the other
  republic after the collapse of communist
  government in Europe
• ? Milosevic opposed the break up of
  Yugoslavia and wanted to keep the country on
  Serbian terms.He used Yugoslav Federal cash and
  army to crash the other republics and
  independence movement

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The course of Ethnic cleansing which carried out
by Slobodan Miloevicfrom 1991 to 2001

• In the Yugoslav Civil War , In 1991 to 2001,the
  President of Serbia and the President of
  Yugoslavia , Slobodan Miloevic.has carried out
  two Ethnic cleansings the first time was in
  the Bosnian war in 1992 to and the second ethic
  cleansing was happened in theSerbian Civil War
  from 1998 to 1999

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The Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War
(1992-1995)

• Causes
• 1.Bosnians and Herzegovina declared their
  independence in march.
• 2.With the support of Milosevic , the
  Bosnian-Serbs announced their
• separation from Bosnia-Herzegovina and
  declared war on the Bosnia-
• Muslims
• 3. To obtain the territories where Bosnia-Croats
  lived,Croatia also declared war on the Bosnian
  -Muslims
• Course
• On the first multi-party elections that took
  place in November 1990 in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  three largest ethnic parties in the country won .

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• Parties divided the power along the ethnic lines.
• Tension grew worse while the demand of
  independence of BosniaThe violence led to the
  armed intervention of the NATO forces to bomb
  Serbia and the Serbs were exhausted to end the
  war.

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• The Serbian Civil War(1998-99)
• Causes
• 1.Kosovo's attempt to declare independence
  brought about an ethnic conflict between the
  Serbs and Kosovo -Albanians .The Kosovo had 1.7
  million Albanians and 200,000 Serbs lived.The
  Kosovo Albanians did not like being controlled
  by Serbia and began a series of attacks on the
  Serb minority.
• 2.Unhappy with Milosevic's decision to abolish
• the autonomous right, the Kosovo Liberation
  Arey(KLA) ,aiming for independence.
• 3.Milosevic put down the revolt and cleaned
• up the Kosovo -Albanians. Many Albanians
• thus fled into Albania and Macedonia.

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• ?The Prelude of the Second Ethic Cleansing
• IN 1997, most Albanians saw the KLA as
  legitimate "freedom fighters" whilst the Serbian
  government called them terrorists. Some Albanian
  exiles chose to support the KLA with money and
  weapons. The situation was worsened in late 1997
  after Albania collapsed into chaos following the
  fall of President Sali Berisha
• The Course of the second Ethic Cleansing
• - On October 29,1997,huge demonstrations by
  students led to attacks on Serb policemen and
  officials and pro-Serb Albaninans. In
  February,1998 Serbian police attacked and killed
  people connected with the KLA.
• - The violence had left hundreds dead and driven
  possibly as many 300,000 Albanians from their
  homes?The international community sought to end
  the fighting, persuade the Serbs to end their
  brutal campaign, ?convince the KLA to drop its
  bid for independence and?convince Miloevic to
  permit NATO peacekeeping troops
• to enter Kosovo.

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• ?The ceasefire broke down within a matter of
  weeks and fighting resumed in December 1998.
• - NATO demaned Milosevic to withdraw
  Serbrian troops
• from Kosovo .hearing no reply ,NATO
  planes started to
• bomb Belgrade in March 1999
• ?Milosevic agreed to accept a peace plan in
  1999 Kosovo-Albanians were restored
  autonomous rule
• refugees would be allowed to go back
  their homes and
• agreed not to declare independence and
  become a United
• Nations protectorate

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The end of the ethnic cleansing

• 2000
• ?Milosevic lost his presidency in an
  election
• ? new Serbian government handed him over to
  the Internatonal War Crimes Tribunal at the
  Hague in Holland
• The United Nations' agencies
• ? estimated 278,000 dead and missing persons
  in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
• ? around 1,325,000 refugees and exiles.

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Casualties After the Ethnic Cleansing

• IN the Bosnian War
• Research done by the International Criminal
  Tribunal in 2004 by Tibeau and Bijak
• ? a more precise number of 102,000 deaths
  and estimated the following breakdown
• 55,261 civilians 16,700 Bosnian Serbs
  38,000 Bosnian Muslims
  and Bosnian Croats
• 47,360 soldiers 14,000 Bosnian Serbs 6,000
  Bosnian Croats 28,000
  Bosnian Muslims
• IN the Serbian Civil War
• ?over 500,000 Albanian refugees had returned
  home
• The total number of Albanian dead is generally
  claimed to be around 10,000 although several
  foreign forensic teams were unable to verify the
  exact
• amount

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Features of Ethnic Cleansing

• people were forced from their homes ,placed in
  concerntration camps(where most deathsresulted
  from poor hygiene ,starvation,and beatings).
• people were not allowed to
• ? congregate on the streets
• ? wear uniforms
• ? had restrictions on cars and telephones
• Libaries , musems archives ( favourite targets
  of the Serbs gunmen )
• civilian targets hospitals schools
• If they did not , a few were shot and a few
  houses were bombed the wes were taken to
  detntion camps.

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• Yugoslavia (as in Bangladesh)
• ?appears to have been an instrument
  policy,encouraged by the commanding officers
  among the Serbs
• to humiliate Muslim women ,whose religion regards
  them as especially by rape
• In part this was to produce Serbian babies.Rape
  houses were also a feature of Serbian Ethic
  Cleansing.

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Conclusion

• The twentieth century has been described as an
  age of genocides.
• ? the world has learnt a lesson
• ? it fell into the same trap again and again
• ? country leaders international community were
  responsible for these atrocities
• Within the developed world,
• ? since the end of the Cold War
• ?    a clear trend to greater democracy and a
  categorically greater sensibility to human rights

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• Past quarter century
• ??throughout the West in the sensitivity of
  intellectuals and opinion-markers to genocide or
  any hint of genocide
• e.g. in perceptions of ethnic cleansing
• a relatively humane approach
• the network of international courts to try
  cases of genocide,
• the interest by the major powers in bringing
  genocidal leaders and perpetrators to justice
• the enormous, perhaps excessive, interest in
  the Jewish Holocaust and other modern slaughters

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• The 1st time in history, genocide has been
  outlawed and penalized by the international
  community
• ? during the 1990s
• ? ?awareness of genocide
• ? in 1998 the United Nations
• ? established a Permanent International Court
• ? try individuals for genocide, war crimes and
  crimes against humanity, genocidal crimes in
  Yugoslavia Rwanda
• Expectations
• ? international community wont say empty words
  again
• ? all human being dont want to watch the repeat
  history on the stage of the world.

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The following film is the best to summarize our
project http//www.youtube.com/watch?va2TgVyfS_W
8searchgenocide
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This the end of our presentation.Thank you for
your attention