St' Ninian's Cathedral

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St. Ninian's Cathedral

• Preserving The Future

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Project Definition

• St. Ninian's Cathedral
• Main focus on the peeling of paint.
• Requirements
• Find an effective solution for the problem of the
  peeling of paint incorporating electrical and
  mechanical components.
• Provide a good cost estimate.
• Goal
• To convince Father Tom that what is proposed
  should be done.

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Problems

• Widespread peeling and cracking of paint
• Leduc paintings underneath
• Church is looking at costly restoration
• Need to define the source of the peeling and
  cracking of paint

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Meeting with CJ MacLellan

• Mike and Neil asked us
• What the problem really is
• Paint, temperature, humidity
• They suggested ways to determine this
• We have done our research and believe we have
  nailed down our problem

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Art in St. Ninians

• Frescos by Ozias Leduc
• Oil on dry plaster.
• These are not as durable as those painted on wet
  plaster.

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Peeling Pant

• There are two ways in which paint peels.
• 1 Total film failure.
• All layers of paint are peeling.
• 2 Inter-coat failure.
• One or more coats separate from a lower coat.
• This occurs at St. Ninnians.

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Causes of Peeling

• Poor surface preparation.
• Dirt, grime, incompatible paints.
• Moisture.
• Poor Adhesion.

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Adhesion loss

• Painting over a peeling paint will not solve the
  problem.
• In situations involving many layers (more than
  3-4)
• Painting over a dirty or wet surface .

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Moisture

• Surface absorbs moisture and expands.
• Gets into cracks and causes peeling.
• May cause a wet-dry cycle.

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Research on Deformation

• Russian Churches and Cathedrals
• Walls composed of plaster
• Same as St.Ninians Cathedral
• Temperature deformation
• Temperature increases the body becomes larger
• Humidity deformation
• Bodies absorb moisture from the air and become
  larger

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Deformation

• Humidity deformation is more serious than the
  deformation due to temperature changes
• Deformation curve of 2 wall faces in Russian
  Cathedral
• Y. Tabunschikov and M. Brodatch Indoor air
  climate requirements for Russian churches and
  cathedrals, Indoor Air 2004 14 (Suppl 7) 168174

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Required Humidity

• According to this deformation curve
• Most favorable humidity zone is between
• 40-60
• Optimal Parameters
• Reduce variation of humidity
• Current Conditions
• 20 (C) and 34

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Summary of Problem

• Paint is peeling due to a number of factors
• Over coating of paint
• Temperature variations
• Heat is left off most of time
• Heat is turned on for mass
• Humidity to high in cathedral
• deformations
• Bad peeling over column due to a even higher
  humidity in the wall

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Meeting With C J MacLellan

• Harry Daemen showed us on his design drawings the
  previous work he had done in the attic of the
  Cathedral.
• He explained to us how the existing ventilation
  works in the attic.
• The ventilation was originally installed to keep
  the temperature in the attic from rising too
  high. This would prevent the shingles from
  deteriorating quickly.

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Ventilation For Main Body

• Mechanically run
• Two separate systems at each end of the church
• Pulls air out of choir loft and above the altar

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Choir Loft
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Ventilation In Attic

• Vents in the attic work with the mechanically run
  system.
• Controlled by a thermostat that is manually set.

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Attic Access
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Compact Fluorescent Bulbs

• Compact fluorescent light bulbs
• Contact with Steve regarding product number on
  existing Sylvania bulb
• Contact with General Electric on an bulb
  providing adequate lighting

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Ventilation System Control
Talon Control System
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Advantages

• Reduce need to enter the attic
• More effective temperature control
• The choir loft
• Near the alter
• Provide information on critical areas via
  constant data logging
• Reduce energy consumption
• Can alert if a system component malfunctions

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Disadvantages

• High initial cost
• Initial system control training required
• Requires some technical understanding

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Sensor Placement

• Attic
• 9 Sensors
• 3 Equally placed along each section of the attic

• Basement
• 5 Sensor
• 1 at the south end
• 1 along each east/west outside wall
• 1 near storm door
• 1 close to replaced valve

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Sensor Placement

• Duct work
• 7 sensors
• 1 in each end of the ducts

• Choir Loft and Alter
• 4 sensors
• 2 placed in both the choir loft and the alter

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Estimated Cost
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Website

• Recent Updates
• Check it out at http//www.stfx.ca/academic/engine
  ering/DesignProjects/Winter2008/welcome.html