Title: Coastal management
1Coastal management sustainable aquaculture
development in Croatia
- Presentation by
- Dr. Anamarija Frankic
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science
- College of William Mary, USA
- afrankic_at_vims.edu
2Presentation Topics
- What is ICZM?
- Lessons Learned
- Sustainable Aquaculture Development ICZM
3ICZM
- In general, its a interdisciplinary and
comprehensive strategy or framework based on the
best available science to be implemented at the
community level and national level - The prime goal is to overcome sectoral and
intergovernmental fragmentation that exist in
todays coastal management efforts
4General concept for integrated coastal zone
management
- Resource assessment comprehensive inventories of
coastal natural and human resources (e.g.
physical and biological data, resource uses,
cultural heritage, traditional land uses and
activities, etc.) includes long term in depth
biocomplexity research studies - Impact assessment assessing the coastal zone
vulnerability to various activity impacts
interactions between uses and resources a tool
to help making decisions and evaluate options for
the mitigation and environmentally sound
management (e.g. spatial and use conflict
analysis, GIS models) based on the best
available knowledge and acknowledging
uncertainties - Policy and regulatory framework a basic tool for
training and education, and for local community
participation in decision making process based
on analysis of existing institutional and legal
mechanisms develop comprehensive policy framework
to address coastal issues
5- Socio-cultural Economic assessment
understanding of socio-economic incentives at the
local level in suggesting alternative
income-generating programs the simpler the
national rules the better they are understood and
followed on the local levels the capacity of the
community to regulate its own activities and
uses to enforce local rules is an important
determinant of perceived management success - Implementation how to apply science and develop
and implement the BMPs? Comprehensive BMPs are
living documents open to revision, expansion
provide consistent national standards and
practices for implementation of aquaculture - Monitoring and evaluation assess cumulative
effects of changes and update management program
elements to reflect changing needs and
circumstances multidisciplinary data as a
feedback loop evaluation of our activities and
their impacts
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7- Sustainable development of costal areas can be
achieved through ICZM implementation process - However, after 30 years of coastal management
planning we have not identified simple, effective
and widely applicable models. - And the environmental problems in coastal areas
have been exacerbated habitat destruction, water
contamination, coastal erosion and resources
depletion and socio-economic and cultural
problems
8http//www.conservation.org/Marine/map.htm
- the most biologically valuable areas
- the most threatened marine areas
- the most critical areas for marine conservation
9http//www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/nccr/nccrfs.html
10Lessons Learned
- The root cause of this crisis is a failure of
both perspective governance - Oceans coasts are the largest public domain and
has to be managed holistically for the benefit of
local communities, recognizing their
socio-economic and cultural heritage values - Involving the local communities in the planning
and decision-making process - Interdependence of land and sea!
- Increased use conflicts can be managed simply by
controlling where certain activities are
undertaken, but sustainability can only be
attained when environmental conditions are
appropriate - Use suitability and use conflict analysis support
the interdisciplinary and holistic aspects of
ICZM planning and indicating where better
information is needed - Balance between the requirements for e.g.
aquaculture development and the need for resource
conservation within same management plan should
be based on environmental limitations!
11IUCN, 1995. A global representative system of
marine protected areas. Volume 1.
http//www.environment.gov.au/marine/mpa/ (11
of Mediterranean marine ecosystem is protected)
12Responsible Aquaculture Development in Croatia
13What does ICZM mean for aquaculture?
- It means that the only way toward sustainability
and longevity of aquaculture development is if it
will have a positive impact on coastal areas and
adjacent sectors - It means that the precautionary principle and
policy initiatives (e.g. Strategic Environmental
Assessment Directive) will guide future
decision-making process
14Manuscript Content
- Background on Aquaculture
- Background on ICZM
- Adriatic Aquaculture
- Site Suitability Analysis
- Attachments Croatian Coasts islands
Mediterranean lessons Guidelines for Sustainable
Aquaculture Development in Croatia
15Aquaculture development has to be advanced in a
manner that is environmentally sustainable
protecting the quality of the environment for
other users, while it is equally important for
society to protect the quality of the environment
for aquaculture. Adherence to both aspects
requires effective and transparent research,
adaptive management, monitoring, enforcement and
incentive. The Government-approved and
industry/stakeholders-led Environmental Codes of
Practice and National Aquaculture Plan will
support this approach through implementation of
the Integrated Coastal Zone Management.
Vision statement
16Preference should be given to the extensive
monoculture and polyculture practices that
integrate native species of shellfish, seaweed,
urchin, crab, and finfish.
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19Aquaculture site suitability analysis
- Finding suitable sites for aquaculture in the
marine and coastal environment is one of the most
critical challenges facing this industry. - As an example, five steps of this procedure will
be presented.
20Phase One
- The most important step is to identify the
environmental conditions necessary for
aquaculture activities to succeed. - Based on extensive literature review and present
knowledge, the environmental site suitability
indicators (parameters or criteria) for
sustainable aquaculture development can be
identified and derived.
21Shellfish Aquaculture Protocol Example
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23Finfish Aquaculture Protocol Example
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25Phase Two
- Environmental assessment and mapping
environmental indicators - This includes spatial analysis (aerial photos and
satellite images) and integration of GIS
coverages (data layers) for temp.,
salinity,bathymetry, water quality, substrate
types, benthic biocenoses, slope, hydrology,
geology-pedology, critical habitats and protected
species and areas - GIS application of available environmental
suitability indicators from developed aquaculture
protocols
26Example of islands site suitability analysis for
aquaculture
Http//seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov
Adriatic Sea and Island Cres
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33Phase Three
- Identification and mapping of coastal, marine and
land uses - Performing the use conflict analysis and GIS
modeling - The goal is to identify areas that, although
suitable for aquaculture on the basis of
environmental conditions (phase 2), may be less
desirable due to incompatible uses that are
present or planned (tourism, recreation, fishing,
protection, etc)
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39Suitable sites for aquaculture
40Phase Four
- Identification of all possible management issues
that could be caused by or related to aquaculture
development in certain area - Analysis will incorporate socio-economic
considerations, and each management issue will be
presented with adequate management options and
recommendation scenarios
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42Phase Five
- Based on all findings prepare action plans for
aquaculture development and implement them
through the ICZM - Identify all the gaps in existing data that would
help guide future scientific research, monitoring
and decision-making process for the long term
sustainable coastal zone management and
aquaculture development
43Marina Site Suitability Indicators
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45Tourism Site Suitability Indicators
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47Aquaculture in Chesapeake Bay
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50Example of identified land uses for aquaculture
site suitability analysis (Ch. Bay, Virginia)
(Source VIMS/CCRM, A. Frankic)
51Site suitability analysis for existing
aquaculture activities for hard clams and oysters
in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (Source VIMS/CCRM,
A. Frankic)
52Existing aquaculture sites in Virginia (mainly
oysters, h. clams and soft clams) (Source
VIMS/CCRM, A. Frankic)
53Main Result of this Project Identified suitable
areas for responsible aquaculture development in
Croatia!
54Summary
- Develop qualitative and quantitative criteria for
general aquaculture suitability protocol, and
develop comprehensive zoning plan that will help
identify suitable aquaculture sites for the
Adriatic coast and islands based on the
international and national environmental
standards, policies and laws - Develop specific aquaculture suitability
protocols for each type of existing aquaculture
as well as for future potential species (finfish,
shellfish, algae, crabs) specifically for
selected project pilot areas (Velebit Channel and
Maloston Bay) Prepare EIA for each type of
aquaculture - Identify and map zones for potential aquaculture
based on developed protocols counties
spatial/physical plans land use/land cover data
existing environmental inventories satellite
images and aerial photography and prepare GIS
coverages/layers and use IGIS for site
suitability analysis of data and zoning - Develop use conflict analysis, which includes
identification of current and potential uses and
IGIS modeling - Identify all existing and potential management
issues develop action plans and management plans
for each suggested scenarios for potential
aquaculture development this will be implemented
through the Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Plan - Identify all the gaps in existing data that would
help guide future scientific research and
decision-making process for the long-term
sustainable coastal zone management. - Develop National Plan and Code of Practice