Evolution of Educational Technology

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Evolution of Educational Technology
IMPACT
TIME
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Rationale for using technology

• Increased teacher productivity
• Freeing time to work with students
• Provide more accurate information quickly
• Produce more student-friendly materials (use of
  multimedia elements)

• Support for new instructional approaches
• Cooperative learning
• Shared Intelligence and knowledge
• Problem solving and higher-level skills

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Rationale for using technology

• Motivation
• Gain learner attention
• Engage learner through productive activity
• Increased perception of control

• Unique instructional capabilities
• Link learners to information resources
• Help learners visualize problems and solutions
  through images and animation
• Track learners progress
• Link learners to learning tools

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Definitions of e-learning

• 'E-learning refers to learning activities that
  involve computers and networks. (The Internet and
  intranets are considered networks.) E-learning
  does not require learning materials to be
  delivered by computer, but computers and networks
  must be involved in this type of learning.
  (Becta, UK)
• 'DEL (distributed and electronic learning) can be
  represented as a spectrum ranging from
  Internet-supported distance learning in which the
  learner has limited physical contact with the
  tutor or other learners, to teacher-led,
  classroom-based activity which is interspersed
  with occasional computer-delivered or facilitated
  assignments. (Edna, Australia)

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The Role of the Teacher/Instructor
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The Challenges of Education Today

• Liberal arts education to vocational education
  and human resource development
• creating knowledge workers in science and
  technology
• Theoretical to practical
• Single discipline to Multidisciplinary to
  Integrated Knowledge
• Knowledge as Truth to Knowledge as Relative
• Childhood to Adult to Lifelong learning

• Education for a few to Education for all
  (democratization of education)
• Learning as an individual process to Learning as
  an institutional phenomenon (learning
  organizations)
• Teacher-centred to Student-centred
• Rote learning to Learning as reflection and
  application
• Face-to-face to Distance to E-learning to Mobile
  learning

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Conclusion

• Integrating educational technology refers to the
  process of determining which electronic tools and
  which methods for implementing them are
  appropriate for a given situation and problem
• Direct technology resources to specific problems
  and needs
• Instructional technology resources for students
• Productivity applications for teachers
• Anticipate and plan for change
• Separate fad from fact

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The Premise Today
ICT
?
Information and Communication Technologies
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The Problem

• Most assumes single learner, self-paced learning
• Often little more than textbooks online?
• Content centric, transmission model of education
• what is the implied pedagogy?

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Academic shovelware.

• The extent to which a student gains the same
  pedagogical benefit from a printout of your Web
  resources as from the resources themselves is the
  extent to which you have done nothing of the
  pedagogical value of using the Web.(Fraser,
  1999)

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What is needed in e-learning?

• A rethinking of learning activities and
  interactions
• Learner engagement
• A meaningful and authentic context for learning
• A setting that challenges learners
• A provision for practice
• Choice of the right tool for the pedagogical task
• (Boud Prosser, 2002)

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Technology affordances

• Enable visual and oral information display within
  a software
• Supports constructivist, problem-focused
  philosophical orientation
• Increased recognition of social collaboration as
  part of learning
• Computer Mediated communication allows
  collaboration breaking the nexus of time and
  location
• Increasing modularisation of individual elements
  that are retrieved from databases and employed in
  varied contexts.

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Introducing Learning Design

• Learning Design is a name given to a new field of
  e-learning technology
• Learning Design Sequence of Collaborative
  Learning Activities
• Learning Design can incorporate single learner
  content, but also collaborative tasks or
  activities such as discussion, voting, small
  group debate etc.
• Wraps a single-learner Learning Objects with a
  sequence of collaborative tasks

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Anatomy of e-learning
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Definitions of Learning Object

• Any digital resource that can be reused to
  support learning. (Wiley, 2002)
• Learning objects are sometimes defined as being
  educational resources that can be employed in
  technology-supported learning. McGreal (2004)
• Learning objects are digital materials used to
  create online courses where these materials are
  modular, interoperable, reusable and
  discoverable. Downes, Stephen(2004)
• A learning object is an aggregation of one or
  more digital assets, incorporating metadata,
  which represents an educationally meaningful
  stand-alone unit. Dalziel (2003)
• 4. A learning object is a self-contained block
  of learning that fulfills a single, stated
  learning objective. American Society for
  Training Development.1
• 1 See http//www.astd.org

Next
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e-Learning Model