Atomic Structure

1
Atomic Structure

• Lemay, Eugene, Beall, Herbert, Robblee, Karen,
  Brower, Douglas. (1996). Atomic Structure.
  Applications of Nuclear Chemistry. In
  Chemistry Connections to Our Changing World
  (pp. 90-123, 777-803). Upper Saddle River, NJ
  Prentice Hall.

2
Modern Atomic Theory

• Terms
• Proton
• Neutron
• Electron
• Atomic numbernumber of protons
• Periodic tablemethod of arranging elements
• Atomic mass unit
• Ionsatoms with charges
• Isotopesatoms of the same element with differing
  mass

3
Modern Atomic Theory

• Terms
• Nuclear reaction
• Strong nuclear force
• Weak nuclear force
• Electromagnetic force
• Gravitational force

4
Modern Atomic Theory

• Terms
• Radiation
• Alpha particleHe atom (w/o e-)
• Beta particlee-
• Gamma rayenergy, smallest wavelength
• Half-lifetime required for ½ of the mass of a
  substance to change into another substance

5
Modern Atomic Theory

• Terms
• Fissionsplitting a nucleus
• Fusioncombining a nucleus

6
Conventions

• 12 1 1 14
• 6 0 0 6
• p. 778, 782

n
?
C
n
C


7
Radioactive Dating

• Determines age based on ratio of radioactive
  isotopes to stable isotopes/atoms.
• Assumes
• Rate of decay never changes
• Closed system
• Current theories, not based on actual
  observations (extrapolated) i.e. past conditions
  known