Title: Clauses
1Clauses
- Groups of related words containing a subject and
a verb
2Clauses
S V
Sally felt ill
S V SC
I hit the ball
S V DO
When the bell rang
S V
3Independent Clauses
- Groups of related words containing a subject and
a verb that can stand alone as a sentence
4Independent Clauses?
Yes
S V
Sally felt ill
Yes
S V SC
I hit the ball
Yes
S V DO
When the bell rang
No
S V
(This last sentence depends on another clause to
stand alone as a sentence)
5Dependent Clauses
- Groups of related words containing a subject and
a verb that cannot stand alone as a sentence
Example When the bell rang
S V
(This sentence depends on another clause to stand
alone as a sentence)
6Dependent Clauses
- Dependent clauses must attach to or become part
of an independent clause
7Dependent Clauses can attach to Independent
Clauses
Independent
Sally felt ill
Independent
I hit the ball
Independent
When the bell rang
Dependent
Which independent clause can the dependent clause
attach to?
8Dependent Clauses can follow Independent Clauses
(No Comma)
- The boy cried when the bell rang
Sally felt ill when the bell rang
I hit the ball when the bell rang
9Dependent Clauses can appear before Independent
Clauses, (With a Comma)
- When the bell rang, the boy cried
When the bell rang, Sally felt ill
When the bell rang, I hit the ball
10Independent or Dependent?
Independent
S V
as the trees blew softly
Dependent
S V
because I am old
Dependent
S lV
that you are the one
Dependent
S lV
11- Dependent clauses can also appear as part of the
independent clause
12Underline the Dependent Clause
- I know that I am tired
- She finally realized he liked her
- I see you are hungry
13- When part of the independent clause, the
dependent clause may or may not have the word
that included
Example I heard that you were sick
Becomes I heard you were sick
Implied that I heard (that) you were sick
14- Thomas Auld thought that Douglass had been
spoiled as a slave.
S V
DO
Noun Clause (Acting as a noun)
Auld sent him to Mr. McCovey, who was known for
his cruelty.
Auld sent him to the handler who was known for
his cruelty.
S V DO PP
Adj. Clause (Acting as an adjective)
Non-Essential Clause (not needed for clarity)
Essential Clause (needed for clarity)
Douglass was very awkward because he had never
driven oxen.
S LV int. SC
Adverb Clause (Acting as an adjective)
15Douglass was very awkward because he had never
driven oxen.
S LV int. SC
Because he had never driven oxen Douglass was
very awkward.
,
16Since the cart had been smashed, Covey whipped
Douglass severely
S V DO
While Covey fed his slaves, he gave them only a
few minutes to eat
S V IO DO
17Independent Clause
Dependant Clause
Douglass wrote that they usually worked from dawn
until midnight.
S V DO
Covey spied on the spot where the slaves were
working
S V
18(No Transcript)
19(No Transcript)
20Compound-Complex Sentences
Compound-Complex Sentences consist of more than
one Independent Clause and at least one
Dependant Clause
21Compound-Complex Sentences
While the boy ran home, I walked quickly, and
Mary skipped alongside. John took the the train,
so we decided to take the airplane, because we
wanted to be alone. I awoke in the morning,
before the birds came out, and I had a cup of
coffee. I saw Mr. Smith, who still plays golf at
79, and he asked me to play a round.
22- Moody did not have any money to travel. She was
not disappointed by having to stay on campus. She
wanted to work in the environment.
Moody did not have any money to travel, but she
was not disappointed, because she wanted to work
in the movement.
23- 2. Even though she had earned a small amount of
money, she still couldnt afford to eat and live
in the dorms, so the college permitted her to
move off campus. - 3. With Moodys involvement in the movement, life
changed for her, and she found something outside
of herself that gave her life meaning. - 4. Moody was friendly with John Salter, who was
in charge of NAACP activities on campus, and he
asked her to serve as a speaker for the movement.
24- 5. In 1963, the group planned a sit-in
demonstration at a local lunch counter, but it
was difficult to find demonstrators, who were apt
to go to jail. - 6. Moody felt she had nothing to lose, so she
volunteered for the sit-in team, which consisted
of two of her classmates, Memphis and Pearlena. - 7. Since they needed to divert attention from the
sit-in at the store, they organized a picket, and
several volunteers appeared.
25- 8. The picketing started fifteen minutes early,
and the pickets walked up and down in front of
the store three or four times before they were
arrested. - 9. Inside the store, the team ordered from the
menu, but the waitress refused to serve them and
told them to go to the back counter, which was
for Negroes. - 10. When the violence started, Moody and the
others were treated very roughly, but the police
outside did not come to their rescue.