Clauses

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Clauses

• Groups of related words containing a subject and
  a verb

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Clauses

• The boy cried

S V
Sally felt ill
S V SC
I hit the ball
S V DO
When the bell rang
S V
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Independent Clauses

• Groups of related words containing a subject and
  a verb that can stand alone as a sentence

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Independent Clauses?

• The boy cried

Yes
S V
Sally felt ill
Yes
S V SC
I hit the ball
Yes
S V DO
When the bell rang
No
S V
(This last sentence depends on another clause to
stand alone as a sentence)
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Dependent Clauses

• Groups of related words containing a subject and
  a verb that cannot stand alone as a sentence

Example When the bell rang
S V
(This sentence depends on another clause to stand
alone as a sentence)
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Dependent Clauses

• Dependent clauses must attach to or become part
  of an independent clause

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Dependent Clauses can attach to Independent
Clauses

• The boy cried

Independent
Sally felt ill
Independent
I hit the ball
Independent
When the bell rang
Dependent
Which independent clause can the dependent clause
attach to?
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Dependent Clauses can follow Independent Clauses
(No Comma)

• The boy cried when the bell rang

Sally felt ill when the bell rang
I hit the ball when the bell rang
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Dependent Clauses can appear before Independent
Clauses, (With a Comma)

• When the bell rang, the boy cried

When the bell rang, Sally felt ill
When the bell rang, I hit the ball
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Independent or Dependent?

• John went to the store

Independent
S V
as the trees blew softly
Dependent
S V
because I am old
Dependent
S lV
that you are the one
Dependent
S lV
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• Dependent clauses can also appear as part of the
  independent clause

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Underline the Dependent Clause

• I know that I am tired
• She finally realized he liked her
• I see you are hungry

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• When part of the independent clause, the
  dependent clause may or may not have the word
  that included

Example I heard that you were sick
Becomes I heard you were sick
Implied that I heard (that) you were sick
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• Thomas Auld thought that Douglass had been
  spoiled as a slave.

S V
DO
Noun Clause (Acting as a noun)
Auld sent him to Mr. McCovey, who was known for
his cruelty.
Auld sent him to the handler who was known for
his cruelty.
S V DO PP
Adj. Clause (Acting as an adjective)
Non-Essential Clause (not needed for clarity)
Essential Clause (needed for clarity)
Douglass was very awkward because he had never
driven oxen.
S LV int. SC
Adverb Clause (Acting as an adjective)
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Douglass was very awkward because he had never
driven oxen.
S LV int. SC
Because he had never driven oxen Douglass was
very awkward.
,
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Since the cart had been smashed, Covey whipped
Douglass severely
S V DO
While Covey fed his slaves, he gave them only a
few minutes to eat
S V IO DO
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Independent Clause
Dependant Clause
Douglass wrote that they usually worked from dawn
until midnight.
S V DO
Covey spied on the spot where the slaves were
working
S V
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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Compound-Complex Sentences
Compound-Complex Sentences consist of more than
one Independent Clause and at least one
Dependant Clause
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Compound-Complex Sentences
While the boy ran home, I walked quickly, and
Mary skipped alongside. John took the the train,
so we decided to take the airplane, because we
wanted to be alone. I awoke in the morning,
before the birds came out, and I had a cup of
coffee. I saw Mr. Smith, who still plays golf at
79, and he asked me to play a round.
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• Moody did not have any money to travel. She was
  not disappointed by having to stay on campus. She
  wanted to work in the environment.

Moody did not have any money to travel, but she
was not disappointed, because she wanted to work
in the movement.
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• 2. Even though she had earned a small amount of
  money, she still couldnt afford to eat and live
  in the dorms, so the college permitted her to
  move off campus.
• 3. With Moodys involvement in the movement, life
  changed for her, and she found something outside
  of herself that gave her life meaning.
• 4. Moody was friendly with John Salter, who was
  in charge of NAACP activities on campus, and he
  asked her to serve as a speaker for the movement.

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• 5. In 1963, the group planned a sit-in
  demonstration at a local lunch counter, but it
  was difficult to find demonstrators, who were apt
  to go to jail.
• 6. Moody felt she had nothing to lose, so she
  volunteered for the sit-in team, which consisted
  of two of her classmates, Memphis and Pearlena.
• 7. Since they needed to divert attention from the
  sit-in at the store, they organized a picket, and
  several volunteers appeared.

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• 8. The picketing started fifteen minutes early,
  and the pickets walked up and down in front of
  the store three or four times before they were
  arrested.
• 9. Inside the store, the team ordered from the
  menu, but the waitress refused to serve them and
  told them to go to the back counter, which was
  for Negroes.
• 10. When the violence started, Moody and the
  others were treated very roughly, but the police
  outside did not come to their rescue.