SOUTH AMERICA II CHAPTER 5: 255287

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SOUTH AMERICA II(CHAPTER 5 255-287)
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REGIONS OF THE REALM

• NORTH
• Colombia
• Venezuela
• Guyana
• Suriname
• French Guiana

BRAZIL

• WEST
• Peru
• Ecuador
• Bolivia
• Paraguay

• SOUTH
• Argentina
• Chile
• Uruguay

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The North (Facing the Caribbean)
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The North

• Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, French
  Guiana
• Regional Character Coastal locations, early
  European plantation development, forced migration
  of African and Asian laborers
• COLOMBIA 48.2 million people
• Coffee, oil coal - major exports
• Cocaine - leading economic activity
• Torn by internal violence
• Bogotá Medellin - key cities

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The North

• VENEZUELA 27.9 million people
• Oil from lake Maracaibo is chief resource
• Caracas Valencia - key cities
• THE GUIANAS (FRENCH GUIANA, GUYANA, SURINAME)
• Populationslt 1.5 million
• Ethnically diverse
• Face environmental crisis

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The West (Andean South America)
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The West

• Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay
• Regional Character Amerindian populations,
  subsistence agriculture, mountainous
  environments, poverty
• PERU 29.1 million people
• Lima is its primate city
• Economic activities - fishing, irrigated
  agriculture, sugar, cotton, rice, fruit, oil,
  minerals

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The West

• ECUADOR 13.9 million people
• Main exports oil, coffee, cacao, bananas
• Guayaquil - largest city and commercial center
• Quito - capital and administrative center
• BOLIVIA 9.5 million people
• Landlocked
• President Evo Morales and a new political era
  nationalism and instability
• Main exports tin and zinc
• PARAGUAY 6.5 million
• 85 Mestizo
• A transitional state (strong links to The South)

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The South (Southern Cone)
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The South

• SOUTHERN CONE Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and
  transitionally Paraguay
• Mid-latitude feel
• Strongly influenced by European immigrants
• Origin area of Mercosur/l
• ARGENTINA 39.8 million people
• 90 urbanized
• Buenos Aires - a classic primate city
• Exports cereals, meats, vegetable oils

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The South

• CHILE 16.8 million
• An elongated state of 2500 miles and over 30
  latitude
• Great environmental variability
• 87 of its people concentrated in the central
  Mediterranean area
• Exports copper, nitrates, fruit
• URUGUAY - 3.3 million
• Montevideo - classic primate city
• Old buffer state
• Exports hides, meats, textiles

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Brazil

• South America's giant
• Shares common boundaries with 9 of 11 other
  South American states
• World rankings
• Population size - 5th
• Territory size - 5th
• Economy - 14th

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Brazils Regions

• Northeast
• Southeast
• São Paulo
• South
• Central-West
• North

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Brazil

• Contains half the continents land and people
• A federal republic of 26 states and a Federal
  District
• Ethnic diversity - mixture of European, African,
  and Amerindian peoples
• Portuguese - speaking Roman Catholic adherents
• Substantial mineral resources iron, bauxite,
  manganese, oil, and gas

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A Two Class System?

• Per capita GNI-8,230
• Largest income gap in the realm (world)
• Wealthiest 10 of the population...
• own 2/3 of the land
• control over 50 of the countrys wealth
• Poverty has increased by 50 since 1980

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Brazil

• Great cities
• Rio de Janeiro - cultural focus
• São Paulo - industrial hub
• Brasília a planned forward capital

Rio
A. WinklerPrins
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Forward Capital

• Capital city positioned in a contested or
  potentially contested territory
• Usually near an international border
• Confirms the states determination to maintain
  its presence in the territory under contention
• Other examples
• St Petersburg, Russia
• Islamabad, Pakistan
• Astana, Kazakhstan
• Abuja, Nigeria

Brasília
A. WinklerPrins
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Forward Capital - Brasília

• Is the capital city positioned in a contested or
  potentially contested territory?
• Is it near an international border?
• Does it confirm the states intent to maintain
  its presence in the territory under contention?

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Growth Pole Theory

• Aims to promote growth in the peripheral parts of
  countries
• Subsidized investment in an attempt to spread
  economic activities and benefits
• Create jobs in depressed areas
• Reduce uneven concentrations of wealth
• Decentralize industry.
• Hope is that it will set off ripples of
  development

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Developing the Amazon

• Application of the Growth pole concept
• Using the resources of the region for the
  development of the country
• Environmental concerns
• Deforestation, 15 of forest is gone

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São Paulo

• Industrial core of Brazil
• Brazils largest commerce center
• Agricultural production and expansion
• Coffee
• Orange juice for concentrate
• Soybeans

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São Paulos Success Story

• Coffee Fazendas
• Revenues
• Immigration
• Skilled labor from Japan, Italy, Poland
• Relative Location
• Ores from Minas Gerais
• Hydroelectric power
• Port of Santos

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SOUTH AMERICA II(CHAPTER 5 255-287)